es

1.      C, Earthquake [fault]

2.      D, Depletion time [proportion]

3.      A, Water Pollution [water quality]

4.      A, Eutrophication [natural nutrient]

5.      B, Nonpoint sources [diffuse]

6.      D, Lithosphere [outermost]

7.      D, Geology [dynamic]

8.      D, Metamorphic [over time]

9.      A, Minerals [crystalline]

10.  D, Tsunami [long waves]

11.  A, Contour Strip [hilly]

12.  C, Sanitary landfills [spreading]

13.  D, Strip [horizontal]

14.  D, Desertification [desert]

15.  C, Sedimentary [dead]

16.  D, Mountain removal [mountaintop]

17.  C, Rock Cycle [earth’s rocks]

18.  D, Allow yard wastes [reduce]

19.  C, Desalination [dissolved salts]

20.  B, Secondary sewage treatment [90%]

21.  C, Hydrolysis [break down]

22.  B, Aquifer [porous]

23.  A, Point sources [discharge]

24.  A, Core [innermost]

25.  D, all of the above [pollutants]

26.  B, Rock [more minerals]

27.  B, Sewage [septic tank]

28.  B, Ground water [infiltrates, percolates]

29.  A, Access to freshwater is not a global health issue [TRUE]

30.  D, Ore [concentration]

1. When a fault forms, or when there is abrupt movement on an existing fault, energy that has accumulated over time is released in the form of vibrations, that move in all directions through the surrounding rock, this is an event called
   a. Volcanic Eruption
   b. Tectonic Plates Movement
   c. Earthquake
   d. Tsunami

2. The time it takes to use up a certain proportion of the reserves of a mineral at a given rate of use.
   a. Renewal time
   b. Extraction time
   c. Production time
   d. Depletion time

3. Any change in water quality that can harm living organisms or make the water unfit for human uses such as drinking, irrigation, and recreation.
   a. Water Pollution
   b. Water Resources
   c. Water Purification
   d. all of the above

4. The natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, a coastal area at the mouth of a river, or a slow-moving stream. It is caused by runoff of plant nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates from land bordering such bodies of water.
   a. Eutrophication
   b. Salination
   c. Aquifer
   d. Desertification

5. Are broad and diffuse areas where rainfall or snowmelt washes pollutants off the land into bodies of water.
   a. Point sources
   b. Nonpoint sources
   c. both a&b
   d. None of the above

6. The combination of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle is called ____. A zone that we find the mineral resources on which we depend.
   a. Asthenosphere
   b. Atmosphere
   c. Biosphere
   d. Lithosphere

7. The scientific study of dynamic processes taking place on the earth’s surface and in its interior.
   a. Pollution
   b. Biology
   c. Ecology
   d. Geology

8. Rocks that have changed over time from extreme heat or pressure.
   a. Igneous
   b. Minerals
   c. Sedimentary
   d. Metamorphic

9. A naturally occurring element or inorganic compound that exists as a solid with a crystalline internal arrangement of its atoms or ions.
   a. Minerals
   b. Rocks
   c. Crust
   d. Aluminum

10. A series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden displacement of the ocean, usually the result of an earthquake below or near the ocean floor.
    a. Volcanic Eruption
    b. Tectonic Plates
    c. Earthquake
    d. Tsunami

11. Is used mostly to mine coal and various mineral resources on hilly or mountainous terrain.
    a. Contour Strip
    b. Open Pit
    c. Mountain Removal
    d. Strip

12. Involves spreading out solid waste in thin layers, compacting it, and covering it with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam.
    a. Open Dumps
    b. Incinerators
    c. Sanitary landfills
    d. Municipal Solid Wastes

13. Involves the extraction of mineral deposits that lie in large horizontal beds close to the earth’s surface.
    a. Contour Strip
    b. Open Pit
    c. Mountain Removal
    d. Strip

14. The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
    a. Soil Salination
    b. Groundwater depletion
    c. Eutrophication
    d. Desertification

15. Comes from dead plant and animal remains and tiny particles of weathered and eroded rocks.
    a. Igneous
    b. Minerals
    c. Sedimentary
    d. Metamorphic

16. With this method, after a mountaintop is blown apart, enormous machines plow waste rock and dirt into valleys below the mountaintops. This destroys forests, buries mountain streams, and increases the risk of flooding.
    a. Strip mining
    b. Open Pit
    c. Contour Strip
    d. Mountain removal

17. The interaction of physical and chemical processes that change the earth’s rocks from one type to another is called.
    a. Hydrologic Cycle
    b. Mineral Cycle
    c. Rock Cycle
    d. Sulfur Cycle

18. The following groups are ways to reduce water pollution, except
    a. Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost
    b. Minimize use of pesticides, especially near bodies of water
    c. Do not use water fresheners in toilets or flush unwanted medicines
    d. Allow yard wastes to enter storm drains

19. Process of removing dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish water in aquifers or lakes.
    a. Water Purification
    b. Water Salination
    c. Desalination
    d. Eutrophication

20. A biological process in which aerobic bacteria remove as much as 90% of dissolved and biodegradable, oxygen demanding organic wastes.
    a. Primary sewage treatment
    b. Secondary sewage treatment
    c. Tertiary sewage treatment
    d. Water Desalination

21. The process of using water to break down hazardous compounds into simpler and less harmful substances
    a. Oxidation
    b. Reduction
    c. Hydrolysis
    d. Chemical stabilization

22. A porous, water-saturated layers of sand, gravel or bedrock through which groundwater flows.
    a. Water table
    b. Aquifer
    c. Zone of saturation
    d. Groundwater

23. Discharge pollutants at specific locations through drain pipes, ditches or sewer lines into bodies of water.
    a. Point sources
    b. Nonpoint sources
    c. both a&b
    d. none of the above

24. The earth’s innermost zone. It is extremely hot and has a solid inner part, surrounded by a thick layer of molten rock, or hot liquid rock, and semisolid material.
    a. Core
    b. Crust
    c. Mantle
    d. Geosphere

25. Common ground water pollutants includes
    a. Fertilizers
    b. Organic solvents
    c. Pesticides
    d. all of the above

26. A solid combination of one or more minerals found in the earth’s crust.
    a. Core
    b. Rock
    c. Mantle
    d. Minerals

27. In rural and suburban areas with suitable soil, water from each house usually is discharged into a septic tank with a large drainage field. These are called
    a. Waste water
    b. Sewage
    c. Grey water
    d. all of the above

28. Some precipitation infiltrates the ground and percolates downward through spaces in soil, gravel, and rock until an impenetrable layer of rock or clay stops it. The freshwater in these spaces underground is called
    a. Aquifer
    b. Ground water
    c. Fresh water table
    d. all of the above

29. The following statements are TRUE, except
    a. Access to freshwater is not a global health issue.
    b. Water is an amazing chemical with unique properties that help to keep us and other species alive.
    c. Access to freshwater is an economic issue; water is vital for producing food and energy and for reducing poverty.
    d. Water plays a key role in determining and moderating the earth’s climates.

30. A rock that contains a large enough concentration of a particular mineral.
    a. Mineral
    b. Rock
    c. Soil Sediment
    d. Ore