Tobacco cash crop economy in South created a demand for a reliable workforce
Solution → indentured servants: poor whites from England who paid for transatlantic passage to the colonies in exchange for working 4-7 years under a master.
masters also benefited from the headright system, which encouraged them to import indentured servants for 50 acres of land.
Bacon's Rebellion: led by Nathaniel Bacon, disgruntled freed indentured servants were forced to move westward in search of work to no avail. Conflict w/ natives ensued no protection from Governor William Berkeley. Led to a SHIFT in labor from indentured servants to slavery.
aided Royal African Company losing their monopoly on the slave trade. Middle passage continued to have high mortality rates. but not as high as before.
harsh slave codes created distinctly different statuses for servants and slaves; slaves and children would be property for life. Not allowed to be educated, blatantly racist motives
Congregational Church: democratic Puritan churches without hierarchy characteristic of Anglican churches
Waning religious zeal led to more lenient rules for church membership - more inclusive
Jeremiad: a form of sermon that warned parishioners of their impending doom due to their loss of religious passion.
Half-Way covenant: church gave partial membership rights to those who didn't consistently come to church. Soon, anyone could come to church, blurring lines between evervone and the "elect few "
Salem Witch Trials: women accused of witchcraft were killed. Often came from families famous in Salem's growing market economy; accusers often associated with the poorer subsistence farmers shows widening wealth gap and fear that commercialism would eclipse religion in importance (women were the scapegoat).
Leisler's Rebellion: conflict between aspiring merchants and New York elite. One of the many uprisings that occurred as some of the elite tried to replicate European hierarchy in the colonies-shows class tensions between rich and poor
A few things about the Northern way of life