War or 1812

• Initially the War of 1812 went poorly for the U.S.

  • Nation was divided

  • Failed invasion of Canada

• The British burned Washington D.C. and attempt to defeat Fort McHenry in Baltimore

• Treaty of Ghent formally ended the war- nothing gained stalemate!

• Two weeks after the war ended Andrew Jackson defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans

Hartford Convention

• Hartford Convention some Federalist met to discuss their concerns (December 1814)

  • Some radical Federalist encourage secession

    • Precedent later used by the south

• Nail in the coffin for the Federalist party

Era of Good Feelings

• Following the War of 1812 there was a huge increase in nationalism

• James Manroe elected in 1816

  • Period of only ONE political party, the Democratic Republican party was known as "The Era of Good Feelings"

• Not all good feelings

  • Growing sectionalism

  • Debate over the American system (tariff, BUS, etc.)

  • Slavery

  • Panic of 1819

    • Caused by over-speculation of frontier lands

The American System

• Henry Clay instituted the "American System"

  • National Republicans adopt policies similar to the Federalist

• Tariff of 1816: 1st protective tariff

  • Designed to help American industry /manufacturing

• 2nd Bank of the United States: help ensure financial stability and provide credit

• Internal Improvements: development of canals and roads to link the nation together

  • Madison and Monroe vetoed proposals to use federal funds on roads and canals

  • NY completed Erie Canal 1825

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri petitions to enter the union as a slave state (part of the Louisiana territory)

  • This would upset the sectional balance between slave and free states

• Tallmadge Amendment proposed:

  • Gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri

• Missouri Compromise by Henry Clay in 1820:

  • Missouri enters as a slave state

  • Maine enters as a free state

  • Above 36°30’ slavery would be prohibited

• Missouri Compromise temporarily stemmed growing tensions

"Supreme court decisions established the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution and asserted that federal laws took precedence over state laws."

• Marbury v. Madison (1803): established judicial review

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Maryland tries to tax the BUS

  • State could not tax a federal agency

• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) ruled that only the federal govt. (Congress) could regulate interstate trade

Foreign Policy Developments

• The United States starts to have some stability in foreign affairs and diplomatic success

  • Hugely important is Secretary of State John Quincy Adams

• Anglo-American Convention 1818 between U.S. and England

  • Joint occupation of Oregon territory for 10 years

  • Set northern boundary of Louisiana Territory at 49th parallel

• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) the U.S. acquired Florida

  • The U.S. agreed to give up claim to Texas

Monroe Doctrine

• U.S. feared that Europe would try to recolonize territory in the western hemisphere

• England also wanted to keep Europe out of the Western Hemisphere

• Monroe Doctrine (1823) the U.S. warned Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

  • The U.S. agreed to avoid European affairs

• Not much immediate impact

  • Later on (especially in 1890s onward the U.S. will play a huge role in Latin American affairs