American Pageant Chapter 12 APUSH Review (Period 4)

War or 1812

• Initially the War of 1812 went poorly for the U.S.
  • Nation was divided
  • Failed invasion of Canada
• The British burned Washington D.C. and attempt to defeat Fort McHenry in Baltimore
• Treaty of Ghent formally ended the war- nothing gained stalemate!
• Two weeks after the war ended Andrew Jackson defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans

Hartford Convention

• Hartford Convention some Federalist met to discuss their concerns (December 1814)
  • Some radical Federalist encourage secession
  • Precedent later used by the south
• Nail in the coffin for the Federalist party

Era of Good Feelings

• Following the War of 1812 there was a huge increase in nationalism
• James Manroe elected in 1816
  • Period of only ONE political party, the Democratic Republican party was known as "The Era of Good Feelings"
• Not all good feelings
  • Growing sectionalism
  • Debate over the American system (tariff, BUS, etc.)
  • Slavery
  • Panic of 1819
  • Caused by over-speculation of frontier lands

The American System

• Henry Clay instituted the "American System"
  • National Republicans adopt policies similar to the Federalist
• Tariff of 1816: 1st protective tariff
  • Designed to help American industry /manufacturing
• 2nd Bank of the United States: help ensure financial stability and provide credit
• Internal Improvements: development of canals and roads to link the nation together
  • Madison and Monroe vetoed proposals to use federal funds on roads and canals
  • NY completed Erie Canal 1825

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri petitions to enter the union as a slave state (part of the Louisiana territory)
  • This would upset the sectional balance between slave and free states
• Tallmadge Amendment proposed:
  • Gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri
• Missouri Compromise by Henry Clay in 1820:
  • Missouri enters as a slave state
  • Maine enters as a free state
  • Above 36°30’ slavery would be prohibited
• Missouri Compromise temporarily stemmed growing tensions

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"Supreme court decisions established the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution and asserted that federal laws took precedence over state laws."

• Marbury v. Madison (1803): established judicial review
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Maryland tries to tax the BUS
  • State could not tax a federal agency
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) ruled that only the federal govt. (Congress) could regulate interstate trade

Foreign Policy Developments

• The United States starts to have some stability in foreign affairs and diplomatic success
  • Hugely important is Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
• Anglo-American Convention 1818 between U.S. and England
  • Joint occupation of Oregon territory for 10 years
  • Set northern boundary of Louisiana Territory at 49th parallel
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) the U.S. acquired Florida
  • The U.S. agreed to give up claim to Texas

Monroe Doctrine

• U.S. feared that Europe would try to recolonize territory in the western hemisphere
• England also wanted to keep Europe out of the Western Hemisphere
• Monroe Doctrine (1823) the U.S. warned Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere
  • The U.S. agreed to avoid European affairs
• Not much immediate impact
  • Later on (especially in 1890s onward the U.S. will play a huge role in Latin American affairs

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