Untitled Flashcards Set

Annexation-

Legally adding land area to a city in the United States, or legally adding land area to a country in the world.

Balkanization-

A small geographic area that could not be organized in to a larger state due to conflicting ethnicities.

Locational Boundary Disputes-

emerge when parties disagree with the way a political boundary was drawn because they fundamentally do not accept the premise of the political boundary in question

Allocational Boundary Disputes-

a dispute over the right to resources

Antecedent Boundary Origin-

A boundary that already existed before the present settlement in that area occurred

Subsequent Boundary Origin

A boundary that is established after the settlement with an attempt to accommodate cultural differences

Superimposed Boundary Origin

political barriers drawn in an area with complete disregard for the cultural, religious, and ethnic divisions within the people living there

Relic Boundary Origin

A boundary that no longer exists, although it may still appear on the cultural landscape

Natural/Physical Boundary Type

a physical environment is used as a boundary.

Ethnocentric/cultural Boundary Type

is used when cultural difference divides a region and is used as a reference to create a boundary.

Geometric Boundary Type

a boundary drawn by a grid system.

definition

through a treaty, or legal like document, sets longitude and latitude.

delimitation

drawing the boundary on a map.

demarcation

the boundary using steel posts.

Buffer State

a state created between two warring or hostile regions to ease tensions between the two bordering regions.

Capital

something that is owed, which provides ongoing services. In the national account, or to firms, its made up of durable investment goods, normally summed in units of money.

Centrifugal

forces that tends to divide people

Centripetal

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support from a state.

Colonialism

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

Confederation

a group of empowered states or communities, usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution.

Conference of Berlin

regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New imperialism period

Decolonization

refers to the undoing of colonialism, the establishment of governance or authority through the creation of settlements by another country or jurisdiction.

devolution

granting of powers from the central government of a state to government at national, regional, or local level.

EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)

a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources.

Electoral Regions

regions that hold seats in Parliament or Congress.

Enclave

country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country.

Exclave

Portion of a state that is completely surrounds another state.

European Union

a political and economic community of twety-seven member states with supranational and intergovernmental features, located in Europe.

Federal

An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government. This model can be seen in the US. The idea of devolution plays in this as well, because a lot of power has been devolved to local governments, like in the US.

Forward Capital

moving a nation's capital to another area within the state to make a statement or create economic growth.

Gerrymander

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. This is used in politics to give an advantage to the political party in power.

International Organization

organization with international membership, scope, or presence

Irredentism

the position that a state should be annexed because of ethnicity of prior historical possession.

Landlocked

a country with no direct access to a sea or ocean.

Median-line Principle

the distribution of water rights between countries. Deciding water rights on overlapping EEZs.

Microstate

a state with a very small land area or population

Nation-

a homogeneous ethnic group.

National Iconography-

a study of the national icon such as paintings or even stereotypes that characterize a country or nationality.

Nation-state

a state that is populated by a homogeneous ethnic group.

Reapportionment-

the process on how house of representative seats are reassigned among states to reflect population changes.

Regionalism-

the process of dividing something up by regions according to their similarities in specific topics.

Religious Conflict-

Conflict based on religious difference

Reunification-

taking a divided country or region and bringing it back together

Satellite State

a political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country.

Self-determination-

a principle that explains that all people have the right to freely determine their political statue and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.

Shatterbelt-

the area in eastern Europe after the Soviet Union collapsed. The newly created states were referred to have "shattered" the map, and the term was created.

Sovereignty-

the exclusive right to complete control over an area of governance, people, or oneself.
Ex. US

State-

a political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. It usually consists of institutions that claim authority to make rules that govern the nation

stateless nation-

term used to imply that a group, usually minority, ethnic group is a nation, and is entitled to its own state, specifically a nation-state for that nation.

Supranationalism-

a method of decision-making in political communities, wherein power is held by independent appointed officials or by representatives elected by the legislatures or people of the member states

Territorial disputes-

a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession or control of land by one state after it has conquered it from a former state no longer currently recognized by the occupying power.

Theocracy:

A form of government in which a God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler.

UNCLOS :

defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the worlds oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources.

Unitary:

a state of country whose three organs of state are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with tone constitutionally created legislature. powers are devolved, to an extent, to lower level governments.

Internal boundaries

a border between two or more countries

Census

an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

Reapportionment is the redistribution of seats in the US House of Representatives based on changes in population.

Redistricting

divide or organize (an area) into new political or school districts.

Cracking 

refers to the practice of drawing electoral districts that divide the population of a community or constituency across several districts

Packing

refers to the practice of drawing electoral districts to consolidate the population of a community or constituency into a small number of districts

stacking

refers to the practice of organizing populations within urban areas or regions into distinct layers based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or other demographic factors

Ethnic cleansing

terrorism

Voting district

NATO    

Autonomous regions

USMCA

WTO

OPEC

Trade agreements

military alliances

Supranational org.

ASEAN

African Union  

Failed state