American Pageant Chapter 11 APUSH Review (Period 4)

Election of 1800:

Election of 1800: Federalist lost control of both the executive and legislative branches
- Thomas Jefferson becomes the 1st Democratic-Republican presdient
“Revolution of 1800” 1st peaceful transfer of power between political parties
- “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”

Federalist wanted to maintain some grip on power and passed the Judiciary Act of 1801
- Created new judicial positions
Called the Midnight Appointments
- Attempt my Adams administration to put Federalist judges in place before leaving office
One of the midnight judicial appointees (Willian Marbury) sued Secretary of State James Madison for refusing to deliver his commission
**Marbury vs. Madison (**1803)

Parts of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was ruled unconstitutional
SUPER IMPORTANT: Established the idea of Judicial Review
- The Supreme Court has the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional
- Massive expansion of judicial power
As Chief Justice John Marshall will dramatically increase power of the federal government.

Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans:
- Strict Interpretation of the Constitution
- Limited fed government, farmers!
Jeffersonian policies: Eliminated excise taxes, lowered national debt
Does not dismantle all of the Federalist policies: Kept the BUS & debt plan
TJ attempted to buy New Orleans from France
- Napoleon offers to sell all of the Lousiana territory for $15 million
- Haitian Revolution
- Fight against England
Although the Constitution does not say the president could purchase foreign and, TJ supported the deal
- Jefferson used loose interpretation of the Constitution & implied powers to make the deal

Doubled the size of the U.S.
- Supports Jefferson’s vision of a agrarian society of intependent farmers
Avoided a potential threat (France) along the nation’s borders
Further weakened the Federalist party
Lewis and Clark led a scientific xploration of the trans-Mississippi West.
- Start of U.S. claims to the Oregon territory & Pacific coast

Burr plotted with some radical Federalist to secede New England states from the union
- Alexander Hamilton helped defeat Burr in NY election
Burr killed Hamilton in a duel in 1804
PLotted to take part of Mexico from Spain and potentially unit it with Lousiana territory under his rule
- Put on trial for treason but acquitted

The war in Europe continued to cause problems for the United States
Violations of U.S. Neutrality
Impressment: forced enlistment of Americans into the British Navy
France issues the Berlin Decree(1806) that said they would seize ships trading with England
England issued the Orders in Council(1806) that said ships must stop in England first

SHOWDOWN

Chesapeake Leopard Affair (1807): English ship Leopard attacked American ship the Chesapeake

Jefferson issued Embargo Act of 1807
- Banned all U.S. trade with ALL foreign nations
Impact: The United States economy plummeted
Unintended Consequences:
- Helped fuel the industrial revolution in the New England region

James Madison becomes president in 1809
Non-Intercourse Act (1809): the United States could trade with all nations EXCEPT France & England
Macon’s Bill #2: U.S. would end embargo if the country respected U.S. neutrality and freedom of the sea
Members of Congress in 1811 known as “War Hawks” advocated for war against England
- Stop British harassment
- Wipe out Native Resistance on the frontier
- Take Canada from England

Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and "the Prophet" organized a confederacy of tribes east of the Mississippi
William Henry Harrison organized an army and attacked native resistance in 1811 at Battle of Tippecanoe

England's arming of Natives on the frontier
England's continued violations of U.S. neutrality
Pressure from War Hawks in Congress
- Desire for more land, protect American honor, etc.)
Democratic- Republicans tended to favor France