Untitled Flashcards Set

United States v. Thomas Cooper (1800) -
Thomas Cooper, a lawyer and newspaper editor, was indicted under the Sedition Act of 1798 for publishing a handbill critical of President John Adams. The case highlighted tensions between free speech and governmental authority during a period of intense political partisanship.

Marbury v. Madison (1803) -
This landmark decision established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws unconstitutional. It arose from a dispute over judicial appointments made by outgoing President John Adams and set a precedent for the balance of power among the branches of government.

Fletcher v. Peck (1810) -
This case involved a land fraud scandal in Georgia and addressed the sanctity of contracts. The Supreme Court ruled that a state law rescinding a land grant was unconstitutional, reinforcing the protection of property rights and the rule of law.

Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816) -
This case affirmed the Supreme Court's authority over state courts in civil matters, ensuring uniform interpretation of federal laws and the Constitution across the United States.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) -
This decision upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States and established that states cannot tax federal institutions, reinforcing the supremacy of federal law over state law.

Cohens v. Virginia (1821) -
This case confirmed the Supreme Court's authority to review state court decisions involving federal laws, further solidifying the judiciary's role in interpreting the Constitution.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832) -
This decision recognized the sovereignty of Native American nations and invalidated Georgia's laws extending into Cherokee territory, highlighting the complex relationship between federal and state powers.

Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) -
This case addressed the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act and the rights of states to pass laws protecting free Black residents from being kidnapped and sold into slavery. The Supreme Court ruled that federal law preempted state laws in this area, leading to increased tensions over slavery.