G10 Q3 MAPEH.docx

CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE MUSIC

• refers to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements from 20th-century art music in the West, as well as the latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment industry

20th CENTURY TRADITIONAL COMPOSERS

• Francisco Buencamino Sr.

• Francisco Santiago

• Nicanor Abelardo

• Antonio Molina

• Hilarion Rubio

• Col. Antonino Buenaventura

• Rodolfo Cornejo

• Felipe P. de Leon Sr.

• Lucio San Pedro

• Rosendo Santos Jr.

• Alfredo Buenaventura

• Ryan Cayabyab

Francisco Buencamino Sr. (1883 – 1952)

• Founded the Centro Escolar de Senoritas. Conservatory of Music, as well as the Buencamino Music Academy in 1930

• Many of his piano works have become staples in the Philippine repertoire of today’s performers, especially Mayon, Larawan, and Maligayang Bati

• Also ventured into musical direction and scoring for films, as well as comprising several zarzuelas and kundiman

Francisco Santiago

• “Father of Kundiman”

• Belongs to the “Triumvirate of Filipino Composers” along with Nicanor Abelardo and Antonio Molina

• Music was romantic in style, incorporating Western forms and techniques with folk materials

• Among his famous works are Pakiusap, Madaling Araw, and Kundiman (Anak Dalita)

• Became the first Filipio Director of the Conservatory of Music, University of the Philippines

Nicanor Abelardo

• Was also a composer of the Romantic style

• best-known compositions include Mutya g Pasig, Nasaan ka Irog, Cavatina for Violoncello, and Magbalik Ka Hirang.

• The Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo (Main Theater) of the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the Alebardo Hall of the UP College of Music is named after him.

Antonio Molina

• Was a product of both the Romantic and Impressionist Music

• Was fascinated by the dynamics and harmonies of Debussy, but retained much of the Romantic style in his melody.

• A characteristic impressionist work is his piano composition Malikmata (Transfiguration)

Hilarion Rubio

• Was a composer, music teacher, conductor, and clarinetist

• His name was closely identified with his works for the orchestra: as a conductor for opera, ballet, and dance recitals: and his music for movies

Col. Antonino Buenaventura

• Promoted Philippine music by extensively using folk materials in his works.

• Recorded folk and dance music around the country with Ramon Tolentino and National Artist for Dance Francisca Reyes Aquino

• Restored the Philippine Constabulary Band in 1945, which was considered “one of the best military bands in the world”

• National artist for music

Rodolfo Cornejo

• Was the researcher and official composer of the Philippine government-in-exile under President Manuel L. Quezon

• Served as a pianist-director of a USO concert unit that entertained the Allied Forces during World War II

• He later became the soloist of several orchestras, and eventually the musical director of the Sampaguita and Vera-Perez movie companies

Felipe P. de Leon Sr.

• Known as a nationalist composer who expressed the Philippines’ cultural identity through his compositions

• Wrote piano compositions, hymns, band music, school songs, orchestral works, operas, kundiman, ad zarzuelas.

• Two operas, Noli me Tangere, and El Filibusterismo are considered his masterpieces

• National Artist for Music

Lucio San Pedro

• Known as a “romantic nationalist”

• He Incorporated Philippine folk elements in his compositions with Western forms and harmony

• Chords have a rich expressive tonality, as represented in his well-loved lullaby Sa Ugoy ng Duyan, his orchestral compositions Suite Pastorale, a musical description of his hometown Angono, and his nationalistic symphonic poem Lahing Kayumanggi

• Other compositions include songs: pieces for violins, cello, and chorus: and works for the symphonic band

• National artist for music

Rosendo Santos Jr.

• Was a prolific composer whose works include concerti, sonatas, symphonies, symphonic poems, five operas in a Philippine dialect, numerous band overtures, and over 200 marches.

• Also wrote 50 masses in Latin and 20 in English

Alfredo Buenaventura

• Holds the sole distinction among Filipino composers for having composed five full-length operas

• Compositions combine contemporary and conventional styles and contain melodies that are simple and understandable while using contemporary harmonies that enhance their complexity

Ryan Cayabyab

• Is a contemporary composer and conductor who spans both popular and classical worlds with his pop music, ballads, operas, zarzuelas, orchestral arrangements, masses, psalms, and choral compositions

• Among these are the award-winning Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika, the modern zarzuela Alikabok, and the opera Spoliarium with libretto by Fides Cuyugan-Asensio

• Compositions are mostly of traditional Western influence

New Music Composers

• Jose Maceda

• Lucrecia Kasilag

• Ramon Santos

• Manuel Maramba

• Jerry Dadap

• Francisco Feliciano

• Josefino “Chino” Toledo

• Jonas Baes

Jose Maceda

• Musical style was profoundly influenced when he encountered the music of the indigenous tribes of Mindoro of 1952

• The embarked on his life’s work, dedicated to the understanding and preservation of Filipino traditional music

• Extensive research and fieldwork resulted in an immense collection of recorded music taken from the remote mountain villages and far-flung inland communities in the Philippines

• Is a National Artist for Music

Lucrecia Kasilag

• Compositional style demonstrated a fusion of Eastern and Western styles in using instruments, melody, and rhythm

• Is particularly known for incorporating indigenous Filipino instruments into orchestral products

• Is a National Artist for Music

Ramon Santos

• Compositional style features chromaticism, music seria, and electronic components, combined with indigenous Philippine music elements

• Held the position of Dean of the UP College of Music from 1978 to 1988

• At present, he is the head of the UP Center of Ethnomusicology ad was appointed Professor Emeritus of the same institution

• Is a National Artist for Music

Fr. Manuel Maramba OSB

• One of the most accomplished musicians in the Philippines

• Best known as a liturgical composer whose body of works leans toward religious figures ad events

• Versatility as a pianist, composer, arranger, theorist, ad teacher is widely recognized

Jerry Dadap

• The first Filipino composer to conduct his works at the Carnegie Recital Hall in New Tork City started composing when he was still studying at DSiliman University in the southern city of Dumaguete

• Among his numerous compositions is the musical play Andres Bonifacio, Ang Dakilang Anak ng Pawis (which is discussed in Quarter TV)

Francisco Feliciano

• One of Asia’s leading figures in liturgical music, having composed hundreds of liturgical pieces, mass settings, hymns, and songs for worship

• At the Asian Institute for Liturgy and Music, a school for church musicians that he founded, he supervised the publication of a new Asian hymnal containing mostly works of Asian composers

• Is a national Artist for Music

Josefino “Chino” Toledo

• Is the founding music director of the Metro Manila Community Orchestra, the UP Festival Orchestra, and the Crosswave Symphony Orchestra

• Is noted for conducting the premiere performances of the works of Filipino composers as well as other Asian Composers

• His musical compositions have been performed by well-known international artist ad ensembles

Jonas Baes

• Associate Professor in Composition and Theory, ethnomusicologist, cultural activist, and writer, has explored innovative territories and unusual musical treatments in his works

• Known for writing music utilizing unorthodox musical instruments such as bean pod rattles, leaves, iron-nail chimes, various Asian instruments such as bamboo scrapers and bamboo flutes, and vocal music using Asian vocal techniques

Song Composers of the 20th Century Filipino Musicians

• Levi Celerio

• Constancio de Guzman

• Mike Velarde Jr.

• Ernani Cuenco

• Restie Umali

• George Canseco

• Angel Peña

• Leopoldo Silos Sr.

• Santiago Suarez

Levi Celerio

• Made it to the Guinness Book of World Records for being the only person to make music with a leaf

• Also wrote the lyrics for over 4,000 songs, and received numerous awards for his musical achievements in film

• A National Artist for Music and Literature

Constancio de Guzman

• Composer of the nationalistic song Bayan Ko

• Acknowledged as the “Dean of Filipino Movie Composers and Musical Directors”

• Became the music director of movie production companies like Sampaguita, LVN, Royal, Excelsior, Lea, and Tagalog Ilang-Ilang Productions

Mike Velarde Jr.

• Was a composer, conductor, and musical director

• Composed the popular song Dahil sa Iyo in 1938

• In 1975, the Philippine GovernmentCultural Association awarded him the Cultural Achievement Award in Popular Music

• Received the Gawad CCP Para Sa Sining in 1986

Ernani Cuenco

• Was a composer, film scorer, musical director, and music teacher. And was named National Artist for Music in 1999

• His works embodied the Filipino sense of musicality, with the classical sound of the kundiman evident in many of his ballads

• To this day, his compositions continue to be popular and well-loved

• A National Artist for Music

Restie Umali

• Was a composer, teacher, and musical arranger

• Arranged the Philippine National Anthem and the local classic Kataka-taka for the Boston Pops Orchestra when it performed for the Philippine Independence Night in Boston in 1972

• Wrote a total of more or less 120 movie theme songs, and composed more than 250 scores for movies

George Canseco

• Was considered “a nationally acclaimed composer of numerous popular Filipino classics”

• Composed songs for some of the country’s top popular Filipino classics.”

• Composed songs for some of the country’s top popular singers such as Sharon Cuneta, Basil Valdez, etc.

• Wrote the classic Kapantay Ay Langit, a movie theme song, as well as Child, the Eglish-language version of Freddie Aguilar’s signature song Anak

• Also served as President of the Filipino Society of Composers, Authors, and Publisherswds, Inc (FILSCAP)

Angel Peña

• Was a classical and jazz composer, musical arranger, and bass player

• Is widely considered by modern Filipino jazz musicians as “one of the founders of traditional jazz in the Philippines”

Leopoldo Silos Sr.

• Was a composer, singer, ad musical arranger

• Composed and recorded romantically soulful songs

• Was the award-winning musical director of the television musical program Aawitan Tika

Santiago Suarez

• Was an accomplished composer of traditional Filipino Love songs

• Popular works include Dungawin Mo Hirang, Bakya Mo Neneng, Caprichosa, Sa Libis ng Nayon, and Kataka-taka

ARTS

Media-based Arts and Design in the Philippines

Photography

• was viewed as a purely technical process, that of recording visible images by light action on light-sensitive materials.

• from the Greek “photos” (meaning light) and “graphos” (meaning writing)

• was not immediately considered art. but it was not long before the artistry of 20th-century photographers elevated this “light writing” to an aesthetic form in its own right.

The Photographer as Artist

• Focusing a camera at a subject and clicking the shutter is photography as process.

• Discerning a significant moment or a unique expression, framing it in the camera viewfinder with an eye for composition, and then clicking the shutter is photography as art.

• In a pictorial shoot, the photographer may position lighting, modify the lens setting, or use filters to create an effect he or she has conceptualized beforehand. The tools and techniques may not be those of the traditional artist, but the aesthetic principles are the same.

• Whether left untouched from the instant the image was captured or was digitally or manually altered, the resulting photographs can be startlingly impactful. It becomes clear how the photographer has captured the elements of form, color, light and shadow, texture, and composition to create a true work of art.

Photography as communication

• Being a modern art form means that photography is now viewed as being more than just beautiful. It is also considered one of the most powerful means of communication.

• Next to a printed word, the photographic image is today’s most important means of conveying information and ideas expressing emotions, even championing causes.

• This power comes from two distinctive characteristics of photography; immediacy and detail. An image recorded by our camera has a sense of authenticity. Because the lens captures the image objectively, the resulting photograph is recorded as ‘true to life’ and ‘of the moment’. At the same time, the camera takes in every detail of an image. Thus, the photograph as a sense.

• For these reasons, photographs are vital tools in communication fields such as journalism, advertising, education, and even in courts of law. They have also been used to eloquently speak out against social and political issues.

Noteworthy Philippine Photographers

• The Philippines has joined the rest of the world in applying the wonders of modern photography to every aspect of life—from personal to professional to national to global. And with our country’s natural beauty, a number of local photographers have taken on the Philippines and our people as a major focus of their lenses.

• Among these are George Tapan, John K. Chua, Manny Librodo, and many other talented members of the Federation of Philippine Photographers Foundation (FPPF).

George Tapan

• is an award-winning travel photographer who has won two Pacific Asia Tourism Association (PATA) Gold awards, an ASEAN Tourism Association award, and first place in the 2011 National Geographic Photo Contest.

• His highly acclaimed work has been published in five travel photography books.

John K. Chua

• is best known as an advertising and commercial photographer, with over 40 years of experience in this field and numerous local and international awards for his work.

• At the same time, he has applied his photo artistry to showcasing the beauty of the Philippines.

Film

• Another art form which has risen to tremendous heights within the last century

• as its early name “motion pictures” declared, this brought yet another dimension into play—that of moving images.

• The possibilities of this medium created a new art form that was to become a powerful social and economic force and a legacy of the 20th century to the world.

A Technology-driven Art

• Cinema, just as all modern arts, has been greatly influenced by technology. In the case of cinema, however, it is an art form that came into being because of technological advances.

• The transition from still photography came in the late 1800s with “series photography” and the invention of celluloid strip film. T

• his allowed successive still photos of a moving subject to be captured on a strip of film advancing through a single camera.

• was the seed of the highly-advanced film medium we enjoy today.

• The need to view these moving images led to the rise of the Kinetoscope, a peepshow cabinet with an eyehole through which these earliest “movies” could be viewed one person at a time. A motor inside the cabinet moved the film strip along in a loop, with an electric bulb providing illumination from beneath.

• In the meantime, European and American inventors were providing one technological advancement after another. The French developed the “cinematographe,” a handcranked camera, printer, and projector all in one that was lightweight enough to bring outside the studio. By 1901, the earliest motion pictures were rapidly progressing from one-scene, studio films to multiple-scene narratives filmed outdoors. Driven by these and many more advances, the art aspect of filmmaking was born.

The Collaborative Art of Filmmaking

• Filmmaking, because of its technical complexity, involves entire teams of artists, writers, and production experts, supported by technicians taking charge of the cameras, lighting equipment, sets, props, costumes, and the like—all under the supervision of a film director.

Film directing

• It is the director, like the painter and sculptor in traditional art, who envisions the final effect of the film on its viewers, visually, mentally, and emotionally. While the painter and sculptor work with physical materials, the film director works with ideas, images, sounds, and other effects to create this unique piece of art. He or she conceptualizes the scenes, directs the acting, supervises the cinematography and finally the editing and sound dubbing in much the same way as a visual artist composes an artwork. Clearly, however, the director does not do all these alone.

Acting

• First and foremost, there was the art of acting for film. With live theater as the only form of acting at that time, film actors had to learn to express themselves without the exaggerated facial expressions and gestures used on stage. With the addition of sound in the 1930s, they then had to learn to deliver their lines naturally and believably.

Cinematography

• Behind the scenes, there was cinematography or the art of film camera work. This captured the director’s vision of each scene through camera placement and movement, lighting, and other special techniques.

Editing

- This was joined by film editing, the art of selecting the precise sections of film, then sequencing and joining them to achieve the director’s desired visual and emotional effect. Sound editing was also developed, as films began to include more ambitious effects beyond the dialogue and background music.

Production/Set design

- Underlying all these was the art of production and set design. This recreated in physical terms—through location, scenery, sets, lighting, costumes, and props—the mental image that the director had of how each scene should look, what period it should depict, and what atmosphere it should convey. This included creating worlds that did not exist as well as worlds that were long gone, designing each production component down to the very last detail.

Film Genres

-The public response to motion pictures was immediate and enthusiastic. From makeshift nickelodeons (movie theaters charging a nickel for entrance) in 1904 to luxurious “dream palaces” for middle class moviegoers by 1914, public showings of movies were a big hit. With World War I over and the establishment of Hollywood as the center of American filmmaking in 1915, the movie industry was on its way to becoming one of the biggest and most influential of the century.

*First there were the silent films starring Charlie Chaplin, and the “slapstick comedy” films of Buster Keaton and later Laurel and Hardy. With sound still unavailable, these films relied on purely visual comedy that audiences found hilarious. Then, there emerged the gangster movie genre as well as horror and fantasy films that took advantage of the sound technology that was newly available at that time.

*Sound plus color then allowed for further development of animated feature films, as well as what became the major American genre of the 1930s—the movie musical. Here, the spectacle of theater productions was brought to the movie screen, incorporating singing, dancing, and elaborate production numbers enhanced by emerging film techniques.

*Further developments in cinematic and sound technology led to even more genres: war and disaster films, westerns or “cowboy movies,” thrillers or suspense films, historical or biographical films, film epics, and film adaptations of literary classics.

*In a similar way, the tremendous advances in computer technology in recent decades have fueled the rise of futuristic or science fiction films, as well as special effects movies featuring live actors, animated characters, or live actors and animated characters together.

Documentary films, a non-fiction genre, were made using real-life footage as well as file materials, in many cases to present an issue. Finally, a special genre known as art films (“indie” or independent films) caters to a small group of viewers and critics, consciously concerned with the artistic merits of a motion picture.

Philippine Filmmakers

-in the Philippine film scene, the American influence was evident in the pre-World War II and Liberation years with song-and-dance musicals, romantic dramas, and comedy films. Beginning with the turbulent 1970s, however, progressive Filipino directors emerged to make movies dealing with current social issues and examining the Filipino character. Among them were Lino Brocka (Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang, 1974; Maynila, Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag, 1975), Mike de Leon (Itim, 1976; Sister Stella L, 1984; Bayaning 3rd World, 1999), Ishmael Bernal (Himala, 1982), and Peque Gallaga (Oro, Plata, Mata, 1983).

-Outstanding female directors have likewise made their mark in Philippine cinema. Among them are Laurice Guillen and Marilou Diaz Abaya.

Laurice Guillen’s Salome (1981)

-earned international acclaim at the Toronto International Film Festival. Her more recent films, such as Tanging Yaman, (2001) which won Best Picture in the Metro Manila Film Festival, American Adobo (2002), Santa Santita (2004), and Sa ‘Yo Lamang (2010), all gained her recognition among the current generation of Filipino moviegoers.

Marilou Diaz Abaya

-captured the attention and respect of the viewing public with powerful films such as Jose Rizal (1998), perfectly timed for the centennial celebration of Philippine independence; Muro-ami (1999), which bravely exposed the deadly practice of using child-divers to pound for fish in the Philippines’ coral reefs; and Bagong Buwan (2001), which dealt with the human cost of the Muslim-Christian conflict in Mindanao.

Maryo J. delos Reyes

• The heartwarming drama film Magnifico won for him the Best Director distinction at the 2003 FAMAS Awards and garnered other local and international film awards as well.

• continues to be active in both film and television media, having become known for well-loved teleseryes (television drama series).

Brillante Mendoza

• was originally a production designer for films, commercials, and music videos, and started directing films in 2005. But in just four years, his film Kinatay (The Execution of P) won for him the Best Director award at the highly prestigious Cannes Film Festival of 2009.

PE

Street Dance

• Refers to dace styles that have evolved outside of dance studios

• Is performed in streets, dance parties, parks, school yards, or in any available space

• Is often improvisational and social in nature, encouraging interaction and contact with spectators and other dances

Full Street Dance

• A collection of various similar dance moves and styles put together into one practice ad regarded as the same dance

Hip-Hop

• A cultural movement best known for its impact on music in the form of the musical genre of the same name

• Has its origins in the Bronx, New York City, during the 1970s, mostly among African Americans and some influence of Latin Americans

• Composed of the pillars such as DJ-ing, rapping, breakdancing, and graffiti art

Hip-Hop Dance

• Refers toa street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that evolved as part of hip-hop culture

HipHop Music

• Incorporates a number of iconic elements, most notably DJ-ing and rapping, along with things like beat boxing, sampling, and juggling beats on turntables

Street and Hip-Hop Dance Styles

• B-boying

• Popping

• Locking

• Krumping

B-boying

• Also called breaking/breakdancing

• A style of street and the first hi[-hop dance style that originated among Black and Puerto Rican youths in New York City during theearly 1970s

• A practitioner of this dance is called a b-boy, or a b-girl or breaker

• Although the term breakdance is frequently used to refer to the dance, b-boying and breaking are the original terms

Four Movements

1. Toprock

• Footwork-oriented steps performed while standing up

1. Downrock

• Footwork performed with both hands and feet on the floor

1. Freezes

• Stylish poses dance on your hands

1. Power Moves

• Comprise full-body spins and rotations that give the illusions of defying gravity

Popping

• Was popularized by Samuel Boogaloo Solomon and his crew the Electric Bogaloos

• Is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in a dancer’s body

• Forces part of your body outwards, similar to an explosion within parts of your body

• Also controls muscles but is followed by relaxation that gives it the jerky appearance of the dance move itself

Locking

• Also called campbellocking, was created by Campbellock Campbell in 1969 in Los Angeles, California

• Was popularized by his crew, The Lockers

• Can be identified by its distinctive stops

• Usually performed by stopping the fast movements that you are doing, locking your body into a position, holding it, and then continuing at the same speed as before

• Dancers hold their positions longer

• The lock is the primary move used in locking

• A locker’s dancing is characterized by frequently locking i place and after a brief freeze moving again

Krumping

• A form of dancing that originated in the African-American community of South Central Los Angleles, California, and is relatively new form of the Urban Black dance movmement

• Free, expressive and highly energetic

• Most people paint their faces in different designs

• A dance style to release anger, is reported that gangriots in the United States decreased because of this dance style

Tutting

• A creative way of making geometric shapes forming right angle using your body parts

• Was originally practiced by young dancers

• Is derived froom the positions people were drawn in during the days of the Ancient Egyptians

• Is theposition seen in these portraits that have been adopted by dancers today

• Is still a greatly respected move and King Tut aka Mark Benson is widely acclaimed for pioneering the s tyle

Shuffling

• The Melbourne Shuffle(also known as Rocking or sympathy the Shuffle) is a rave and club dance that originated i the late 1980s in the underground rave music scene in Melbourne, Australia

• Basic movements are a fast heel-and-toe action witha style suitable for various types of electronic music

• Some variants incorporate arm movements

• Dancers of this dance style are often referred toas rockers, due in aprt to the popularity of shuffling to rock music in the early 1990s

Waacking

• Is an african american for mof street dance originating from the 1970’s disco era of the underground club scenes in Los Angeles and New Tork City

• Consists og stylized posing and fast synchronized arm movements tothe beat of the music

• Is a popular elemtn of hip hop dance

Health

Global Health and the Development Goals

-The term "global health" rose in popularity along with the rise of globalization. Both terms improved public awareness of vulnerabilities and shared responsibilities among people for the different injustices in the world.

*Ilona Kickbush (2006), director of the Global Health Program at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland states that global health pertains to various health issues, concerns, and trends which go beyond national boundaries and call for global initiatives for the protection and promotion of peoples' health across the world.

*Koplan and Associates (2009) states that global health is an area for study, research and practice that prioritizes health improvement and achieving impartiality in healthcare and wellness worldwide.

Beaglehole and Bonita (2010) gave a short but meaningful definition of global health: cooperative research and action of international communities to promote health for all.*

A. The 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

-The United Nations Millennium Development Goals were created through the United Nations Millennium Declaration agreed and I signed upon back in September 2000. This Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that all 191 UN Member States agreed to achieve in 2015 and hold all governments to account for their development efforts. However, this global approach fell short to create indivisible and balance transformations to all countries in the world.

The following are the eight (8) MDGs

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. Achieve universal primary education

3. Promote gender equality and empower women

4.Reduce child mortality

5. Improve Maternal Health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, MALARIA and other diseases

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Global partnership for development

B. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

-In September 2015, a global plan known as the 2030 Agenda was adopted to effect developments for future generations to enjoy.

-Based on the 2030 Agenda, there are five dimensions known as 5P's that need to be uniformly aimed people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership. The Sustainable Development (SDGs) is part of the 2030 agenda agreed by all 193 UN Member States as replacement for the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's). It is a new universal approach for all UN member states building on the goals targets and indicators with a deadline for attainment by 2030.It seeks to realize that all countries will resolve to create a sustainable development in aspects of economic, social and environmental.

17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

1. No Poverty

2. Zero Hunger

3. Good Health and Well-Being

4. Quality Education

5. Gender Education

6. Clean Water and Sanitation

7. Affordable and Clean Energy

8. Decent Work and Economic Growth

9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

10. Reduced Inequalities

11. Sustainable Cities and Communities

12. Responsible Consumption and Production

13. Climate Action

14. Life Below Water

15. Life on land

16. Peace, Justice, and strong institutions

17. Partnerships for Goals

Global Health Initiatives

-One of the benefits of globalization to the world is the development and improvement of various health initiatives initiated by different nations and governments to address health issues and concerns. Global health initiatives are programs set in motion by the United Nations through the World Health Organization and in partnership with the World Bank which targets specific health problems including but not limited to emerging and re-emerging diseases, climate change, environmental sanitation, mental health, tobacco regulation, and alcohol use.

The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases

C. Roll Back Malaria.

-is a global effort to reduce the number of deaths from malaria infection through heightened prevention tools, rapid response to outbreaks, development of new anti-malarial products, and effective treatment of the infection.

Specific objective:

1. To enable and to increase the capacity of caregivers to recognize malaria promptly and take early appropriate action;

2. To empower service providers by imparting adequate knowledge, skill and capacity which enable them to respond to malaria illness appropriately;

3. To create an enabling environment for implementation.

D. Stop TB.

-is a global effort to prevent further transmission of tuberculosis or TB around the world. One of the programs for Stop TB is the implementation of the TB-DOTS short-course strategy.

Objectives:

1. To achieve universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient-centered treatment

2. To reduce the suffering and socio-economic burden associated with TB

3. To protect poor and vulnerable populations from TB, TB/HIV and multi drug-resistant - TB (MDR-TB)

4. To support development of new tools and enable their timely and effective use.

E. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

-is a global strategy which aims to strengthen children's immunization programs and introduce new generation of licensed vaccines into use in developing countries across the globe. These new vaccines which could help reduce the number of deaths in children aged 5 years old and below includes:

Hepatitis B vaccine

Childhood meningitis vaccine

Yellow fever vaccine

Influenza vaccine

Vaccine for pneumonia

F. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria.

-is a funding project rather than an initiative. Nevertheless it helps in the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of the negative impacts of the three diseases to humanity which contributes to the fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals.

Global Prevention and Control of Tobacco and Alcohol Use

*WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

- is the prime international treaty negotiated under WHO. The WHO FCTC came into existence in reaction to the global epidemic of tobacco use and abuse. It reaffirms the right of every individual across the world to the highest standard of health promoting public health and providing new legal means for global health cooperation.

The following summarizes the WHO FCTC provisions:

1. Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, and

2. Non-price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, namely:

*Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke:

*Regulation of the contents of tobacco products;

• Regulation of tobacco product disclosures;

*New packaging and labeling of tobacco products;

*Education, communication, training and public awareness;

*Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation; and

*Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.

Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol.

-recognizes the close ties between the harmful use of alcohol and the socio-economic development of a nation. -Likewise, this strategy builds and supports other global health initiatives like the global strategy for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.

Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases.

-is a global action plan to prevent and control the following non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, and diabetes and the four shared risk factors: unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, tobacco use and alcohol use.

Objectives of the Action Plan:

1. To raise the priority accorded to non-communicable disease at global and national levels and to integrate prevention and control of such diseases

into policies across all governments

2. To establish and strengthen national policies and plans for the prevention

and control of non-communicable diseases 3. To promote interventions to reduce the main shared but preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases: unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and harmful use of alcohol

4. To promote research for the prevention and control of non-communicable

5. To promote partnerships for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases

6. To monitor non-communicable diseases and their causal factors and evaluate progress at the local, nationaI and global levels.

Global Initiative for Mental Health

*Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 The "Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020" is the result of extensive research and consultations by stakeholders, member- nations, academic and non-government centers across the globe. The mental health action plan should be impartial, life-based, and preventive in nature. It basically addresses the following:

To fight and alleviate negative trends in mental health

To improve and make mental health services and care accessible, and

To prevent abuse of rights and unjust treatment against people with mental problems, disorders, and disabilities which are still prevalent around the world.