AICE PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Term 1: What is a hinge joint?
Definition 1: A joint that allows flexion and extension. Example: elbow, knee.
Term 2: What is a ball and socket joint?
Definition 2: A joint that allows movement in all directions. Example: shoulder, hip.
Term 3: What is the function of synovial fluid?
Definition 3: Lubricates the joint and reduces friction.
Term 4: What is the role of ligaments?
Definition 4: Connect bone to bone and stabilize the joint.
Term 5: What does cartilage do in a joint?
Definition 5: Covers bone ends, absorbs shock, reduces friction.
Term 6: What is flexion?
Definition 6: Decreasing the angle at a joint.
Term 7: What is extension?
Definition 7: Increasing the angle at a joint.
Term 8: What is abduction?
Definition 8: Movement away from the body.
Term 9: What is adduction?
Definition 9: Movement toward the body.
Term 10: What is rotation?
Definition 10: Movement around an axis.
Term 11: What is circumduction?
Definition 11: Circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Term 12: Give an example of flexion and extension.
Definition 12: Bicep curl.
Term 13: Give an example of abduction and adduction.
Definition 13: Raising and lowering arms at the shoulder.
Term 14: Give an example of rotation.
Definition 14: Turning the head side to side.
Term 15: Give an example of circumduction.
Definition 15: Arm circles.
Term 16: What is Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia)?
Definition 16: An object stays in motion or at rest unless acted upon.
Term 17: What is Newton's Second Law?
Definition 17: Force = Mass × Acceleration.
Term 18: What is Newton's Third Law?
Definition 18: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Term 19: What is a 1st class lever?
Definition 19: Fulcrum in the middle. Example: nodding the head.
Term 20: What is a 2nd class lever?
Definition 20: Load in the middle. Example: calf raise.
Term 21: What is a 3rd class lever?
Definition 21: Effort in the middle. Example: bicep curl.
Term 22: What does the FLE acronym stand for in levers?
Definition 22: Fulcrum (1st), Load (2nd), Effort (3rd).
Term 23: Example of Newton’s 1st law in sport?
Definition 23: A ball stays still until kicked in soccer.
Term 24: Example of Newton’s 2nd law in sport?
Definition 24: A lighter soccer ball accelerates more when kicked.
Term 25: Example of Newton’s 3rd law in sport?
Definition 25: Sprinter pushes on blocks, blocks push back.
Term 26: Which lever is most common in the body?
Definition 26: 3rd class lever.
Term 27: What is an open skill?
Definition 27: Performed in a changing environment. Example: soccer pass.
Term 28: What is a closed skill?
Definition 28: Performed in a stable, predictable environment. Example: gymnastics routine.
Term 29: What is a gross skill?
Definition 29: Involves large muscle groups. Example: running.
Term 30: What is a fine skill?
Definition 30: Involves precise movement. Example: writing or darts.
Term 31: What is a discrete skill?
Definition 31: Has a clear start and end. Example: tennis serve.
Term 32: What is a serial skill?
Definition 32: Series of discrete movements. Example: triple jump.
Term 33: What is a continuous skill?
Definition 33: No clear start or end. Example: swimming.
Term 34: What happens in the cognitive stage of learning?
Definition 34: Many mistakes, requires lots of guidance.
Term 35: What happens in the associative stage?
Definition 35: Performance improves, fewer mistakes.
Term 36: What happens in the autonomous stage?
Definition 36: Skill becomes automatic, focus on tactics.
Term 37: Example of cognitive stage performer?
Definition 37: Beginner gymnast learning a routine.
Term 38: Example of associative stage performer?
Definition 38: Amateur tennis player improving serve.
Term 39: Example of autonomous stage performer?
Definition 39: Professional footballer dribbling effortlessly.
Term 40: What is intrinsic motivation?
Definition 40: Internal motivation like enjoyment and pride.
Term 41: What is extrinsic motivation?
Definition 41: External rewards like trophies or money.
Term 42: What does Achievement Motivation Theory suggest?
Definition 42: Personality affects willingness to succeed or avoid failure.
Term 43: What is high nAch?
Definition 43: Need to achieve — takes on challenges.
Term 44: What is high nAf?
Definition 44: Need to avoid failure — avoids risk.
Term 45: What is intrinsic feedback?
Definition 45: Comes from within, based on feel.
Term 46: What is extrinsic feedback?
Definition 46: Comes from external sources like coaches.
Term 47: What is knowledge of results?
Definition 47: Feedback about the outcome. Example: scored or missed.
Term 48: What is knowledge of performance?
Definition 48: Feedback about technique. Example: arm motion in a throw.
Term 49: Example of intrinsic motivation?
Definition 49: Runner training because they love the sport.
Term 50: Example of extrinsic feedback?
Definition 50: Coach analyzing a player's video.
Term 51: Example of KP in sport?
Definition 51: Critique on swing technique in golf.
Term 52: What is Hawk-Eye used for?
Definition 52: Line decisions in tennis and cricket.
Term 53: What does VAR stand for?
Definition 53: Video Assistant Referee — used in football.
Term 54: What is wearable technology used for?
Definition 54: Tracking health metrics and performance.
Term 55: What is video analysis used for?
Definition 55: Improving technique and tactics.
Term 56: Pros of technology in sport?
Definition 56: Fair decisions, injury prevention, data for training.
Term 57: Cons of technology in sport?
Definition 57: High cost, overreliance, unequal access.
Term 58: Example of Hawk-Eye use?
Definition 58: Determining if tennis ball hit the line.
Term 59: Example of wearable tech use?
Definition 59: Monitoring heart rate during training.
Term 60: Example of video analysis use?
Definition 60: Reviewing a basketball shot technique.
Term 61: What is deviance in sport?
Definition 61: Breaking rules or norms.
Term 62: What is match-fixing?
Definition 62: Deliberate manipulation of outcomes.
Term 63: What are PEDs?
Definition 63: Performance-enhancing drugs.
Term 64: What causes deviance in sport?
Definition 64: Pressure, fame, money, emotional control.
Term 65: What are the consequences of deviance?
Definition 65: Bans, loss of reputation, health risks.
Term 66: What are common barriers to participation?
Definition 66: Gender, age, cost, disability, ethnicity.
Term 67: How can barriers be reduced?
Definition 67: Funding, inclusion campaigns, role models.
Term 68: Example of deviance in sport?
Definition 68: Zidane headbutting in 2006 World Cup.
Term 69: Example of reducing gender barrier?
Definition 69: "This Girl Can" campaign.
Term 70: Benefit of PE participation?
Definition 70: Promotes health, teamwork, inclusion.
Term 71: Example of cultural barrier in sport?
Definition 71: Lack of religious accommodations.
Term 72: Example of disability inclusion?
Definition 72: Wheelchair basketball leagues.
Term 73: Role of Sport England?
Definition 73: Promotes inclusive access and participation.
Term 74: What are the four chambers of the heart?
Definition 74: Right/left atria and right/left ventricles.
Term 75: What is pulmonary circulation?
Definition 75: Heart → lungs → heart.
Term 76: What is systemic circulation?
Definition 76: Heart → body → heart.
Term 77: What is stroke volume?
Definition 77: Blood pumped per beat.
Term 78: What is heart rate?
Definition 78: Beats per minute.
Term 79: What is cardiac output?
Definition 79: Stroke volume × heart rate.
Term 80: Pathway of air during breathing?
Definition 80: Nose → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli.
Term 81: What happens during inhalation?
Definition 81: Diaphragm contracts, lungs expand.
Term 82: What happens during exhalation?
Definition 82: Muscles relax, lungs contract.
Term 83: What is gas exchange?
Definition 83: Oxygen in, CO₂ out — occurs in alveoli.
Term 84: What is tidal volume?
Definition 84: Amount of air per breath during normal breathing.
Term 85: What is vital capacity?
Definition 85: Max air expelled after deep breath.
Term 86: What is residual volume?
Definition 86: Air left in lungs after max exhalation.
Term 87: What muscles assist breathing during exercise?
Definition 87: Sternocleidomastoid and scalenes.
Term 88: How does breathing adapt to exercise?
Definition 88: Tidal volume and respiratory rate increase.
Term 89: What is the role of alveoli?
Definition 89: Site of gas exchange via diffusion.
Term 90: Why is oxygen important in exercise?
Definition 90: Needed for aerobic respiration and energy.
Term 91: Example of gas exchange in sport?
Definition 91: Oxygen uptake increases during a 400m sprint.
Term 92: What happens to vital capacity after training?
Definition 92: It increases, improving breathing efficiency.