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Here’s a combined and detailed Cold War study guide based on all three images you uploaded. I’ve organized everything, clarified messy handwriting, and added an answer to your missing question:

Cold War Study Guide (Full Set of Notes)

1. Why did the Cold War develop between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. after WWII?

• After WWII, tensions rose because the U.S. was capitalist and the U.S.S.R. was communist.

• The U.S. wanted to contain communism, while the Soviet Union wanted to expand it.

• Both became superpowers and distrusted each other.

• The U.S.S.R. took control of Eastern Europe, creating satellite nations under communist rule.

• Atomic weapons race and competition for global influence led to long-term hostility.

2. What decisions were made at the Yalta Conference (1945)?

• Germany was divided into 4 occupation zones (U.S., U.K., France, U.S.S.R.).

• Berlin was also divided even though it was inside the Soviet zone.

• The U.S.S.R. promised free elections in Eastern Europe (but broke that promise).

• Agreement to create the United Nations.

3. Key Leaders and Their Roles

• Harry Truman: Dropped atomic bombs, started containment (Truman Doctrine), Korean War.

• Douglas MacArthur: General in WWII and Korean War; wanted to expand war into China but was fired by Truman.

• Mao Zedong: Communist leader of China; turned China into a communist country in 1949.

• Dwight D. Eisenhower: Continued containment, warned about military-industrial complex.

• John F. Kennedy: Handled Cuban Missile Crisis, supported space race, started Vietnam involvement.

• Nikita Khrushchev: Soviet leader during Cuban Missile Crisis and Sputnik launch.

• Fidel Castro: Led Cuban Revolution, became a communist ally of the U.S.S.R.

• Mikhail Gorbachev: Soviet leader who ended the Cold War with glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring).

• Joseph McCarthy: U.S. senator who led the Red Scare and accused people of being communists without proof.

4. Key Cold War Terms

• Iron Curtain: Imaginary line dividing communist Eastern Europe from democratic Western Europe.

• Satellite Nation: Countries under Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.

• Berlin Airlift: U.S. flew supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets blocked it.

• Berlin Wall: Built in 1961 to stop East Berliners from escaping to the West; symbol of Cold War.

• Containment: U.S. policy to stop the spread of communism.

• Truman Doctrine: U.S. would give aid to any country threatened by communism.

• Marshall Plan: U.S. gave money to rebuild Western Europe and stop communism.

• NATO: U.S.-led military alliance of democratic nations.

• Warsaw Pact: Soviet-led alliance of communist nations.

• DMZ (Demilitarized Zone): Dividing line between North and South Korea at the 38th Parallel.

• Bay of Pigs Invasion: Failed attempt by U.S.-trained Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro.

5. Events That Increased Tensions

• 1949: Soviets test atomic bomb; China becomes communist.

• Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): Soviets put missiles in Cuba; U.S. blockaded Cuba; closest we came to nuclear war.

• Sputnik (1957): First satellite by U.S.S.R.; started the space race.

6. The Korean War (1950–1953)

• North Korea: Communist; supported by China and U.S.S.R.

• South Korea: Non-communist; supported by U.S. and U.N.

• War started when North invaded South.

• Ended in a stalemate at the 38th Parallel.

• Cold War tension increased between U.S. and U.S.S.R.

7. The Vietnam War

Causes:

• U.S. wanted to stop communism from spreading (Domino Theory).

• Vietnam split at the 17th Parallel: North = Communist, South = U.S.-backed.

• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave the president the power to send troops without declaring war.

Key terms:

• Vietcong: South Vietnamese communist rebels.

• Guerrilla Warfare: Hit-and-run fighting tactics used by Vietcong.

• Tet Offensive: Surprise attack by North Vietnam in 1968; showed U.S. was not winning.

• Hawks: Supported the war.

• Doves: Opposed the war.

• Kent State (1970): National Guard shot and killed 4 students protesting Vietnam.

• Vietnamization: Nixon’s plan to slowly withdraw U.S. troops and let South Vietnam take over.

• Cease-fire (1973): U.S. pulled out; in 1975, South Vietnam fell to communism.

8. Cold War at Home

• Red Scare: Fear of communists in the U.S.

• McCarthyism: Unfair accusations and trials without evidence.

• Rosenbergs: Executed for giving atomic secrets to the Soviets.

9. End of the Cold War

Reasons for Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe:

• Economic failure, poverty, shortage of goods.

• People wanted democracy and freedom.

• Gorbachev’s reforms backfired.

Collapse of the Soviet Union (1991):

• Broke into 15 independent countries.

• Russia adopted capitalism and elections.

• Caused chaos and hardship but ended the Cold War.

10. Nixon and Détente

• Visited China and reopened diplomatic relations.

• Détente = Easing Cold War tensions.

• SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks): U.S. and U.S.S.R. agreed to limit nuclear weapons.

• War Powers Act: Limited president’s ability to send troops without Congress.