1. Dictators of WWII – The major dictators of World War II included Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Hideki Tojo (Japan). They led totalitarian regimes, pursued aggressive expansionist policies, and played a crucial role in the outbreak of the war.
2. Panay Incident – This was a 1937 attack by Japanese warplanes on the USS Panay, an American gunboat, while it was anchored in China. Although Japan apologized and paid reparations, the incident increased tensions between the U.S. and Japan and foreshadowed future conflict.
3. Axis Powers (WWII) – The Axis Powers were the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII. They sought to expand their territories through military conquest and were opposed by the Allied Powers.
4. Allied Powers (WWII) – The Allies included major nations such as the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and China. They fought against the Axis Powers and ultimately achieved victory in 1945.
5. US Isolationism (WWII) – Before entering WWII, the United States followed a policy of isolationism, avoiding involvement in European and Asian conflicts. This changed after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, leading the U.S. to join the war.
6. Unemployment Pre-WWII and Post-WWII – Before WWII, the Great Depression caused massive unemployment in the U.S. The war effort created jobs in manufacturing and the military, leading to economic recovery. After the war, the U.S. experienced economic prosperity, partly due to industrial and technological advancements.
7. Propaganda’s Purpose – During WWII, propaganda was used to influence public opinion, boost morale, encourage enlistment, and support war efforts. Posters, films, and radio broadcasts promoted national unity and demonized enemy nations.
8. Pearl Harbor (Who/What/When/Where/Why) – The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on December 7, 1941, in Hawaii. It was a surprise military strike that aimed to cripple the U.S. Pacific Fleet, leading the United States to declare war on Japan and enter WWII.
9. Women in the Workforce (WWII) – With many men fighting overseas, women took on jobs in factories, shipyards, and offices. Programs like “Rosie the Riveter” encouraged women to contribute to the war effort, leading to lasting changes in gender roles.
10. WWII Advertisements – Advertisements during WWII promoted war bonds, rationing, enlistment, and patriotism. They encouraged citizens to support the war by conserving resources and boosting production.
11. Japanese Internment Camps – After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated to internment camps under Executive Order 9066, based on fears of espionage. Conditions were harsh, and the internment remains a controversial chapter in U.S. history.
12. Manzanar – One of the most well-known Japanese internment camps located in California. Thousands of Japanese Americans were detained there under poor conditions during the war.
13. Navajo Code Talkers – A group of Navajo Native Americans who developed an unbreakable code based on their language, used to transmit secret military messages in the Pacific theater, greatly aiding the U.S. war effort.
14. Holocaust + FDR – The Holocaust was the genocide of six million Jews by Nazi Germany, along with other persecuted groups. Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), the U.S. president at the time, led the nation through WWII but faced criticism for not taking stronger action to rescue Jewish refugees.
15. The Manhattan Project – A secret U.S. research program that developed the atomic bomb. It resulted in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, which contributed to Japan’s surrender and the end of WWII.
16. PSA (What/Purpose) – Public Service Announcements (PSAs) during WWII were used to spread important messages, such as encouraging war bond purchases, promoting rationing, and urging civilians to contribute to the war effort.
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