7ziEnq.pdf(1)

Page 1

• Document Header: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education, Chemistry Textbook, Grade 9

Page 2 - Care for Chemistry Textbook

• Ownership: Property of the school

• Care Tips:

  1. Use protective covering (plastic, newspapers).

  2. Store in clean, dry places.

  3. Handle with clean hands.

  4. No writing on pages.

  5. Use bookmarks.

  6. Do not tear pages.

  7. Repair damages.

  8. Pack carefully in school bags.

  9. Be gentle when passing to others.

  10. When using the book for the first time, lay it flat and turn pages gently.

Page 3 - No content

Page 4 - Authors and Contributors

• Authors:

  • Sisay Tadesse (Ph.D.)

  • Tegene Tesfaye (Ph.D.)

• Editors:

  • Tesfaye Semela (Ph.D.), Curriculum Editor

  • Kenenisa Beresa (M.A.), Language Editor

  • Ahmed Awel (M.Sc.), Content Editor

• Illustrator: Abinet Tilahun (M.Sc.)

• Design: Konno B. Hirbaye (M.Sc.)

• Evaluators:

  • Legesse Adane (Ph.D.)

  • Nega Gichile (B.Sc., M.A.)

  • Sefiw Melesse (M.Sc.)

  • Tolessa Mergo (B.Sc., M.Sc.)

Page 5 - Publication Information

• Publication Date: First published in 2023

• Published by: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education, supported by multiple international organizations.

• Copyright Note: All rights reserved; reproduction prohibited without permission.

Page 6 - Table of Contents

Unit 1: Chemistry and Its Importance

• 1.1 Definition and Scope of Chemistry (2)

• 1.2 Relationship between Chemistry and Other Natural Sciences (6)

• 1.3 Role of Chemistry in Production and Society (8)

• 1.4 Common Chemical Industries in Ethiopia (12)

Unit Summary (15)

Review Exercise (16)

Unit 2: Measurements and Scientific Methods

• 2.1 Measurements and Units in Chemistry (19)

• 2.2 Chemistry as Experimental Science (35)

Unit Summary (47)

Review Exercise (48)

Unit 3: Structure of the Atom

• 3.1 Historical Development of the Atomic Theories (51)

• 3.2 Fundamental Laws of Chemical Reactions (56)

• 3.3 Atomic Theory (64)

• 3.4 Discoveries of Subatomic Particles and the Atomic Nucleus (69)

• 3.5 Atom Composition and Isotopes (85)

Unit Summary (101)

Review Exercise (105)

Page 7 - Periodic Classification of Elements

Unit 4: Periodic Classification of Elements

• 4.1 Historical Development of Periodic Classification of Elements (109)

• 4.2 Mendleev’s Classification of the Elements (113)

• 4.3 The Modern Periodic Table (116)

• 4.4 Major Trends in the Periodic Table (125)

Unit Summary (137)

Review Exercise (138)

Page 8 - Unit Outcomes

• After completing the Unit:

  • Define chemistry and its scope.

  • Discuss chemistry's relationships with physics, biology, medicine, geology, and other subjects.

  • Describe chemistry's application in agriculture, medicine, food production, and construction.

  • Recognize common chemical industries in Ethiopia and their products.

Page 9 - Start-up Activity

• Discussion Points:

  1. Components of common materials (air, water, clothing, food).

  2. The importance of understanding material composition.

• Fundamental Role of Chemistry:

• Importance in meeting basic human needs (food, clothing, shelter, health).

Page 10 - Definition of Chemistry

Activity 1.1

• Definition of Chemistry:

  • Chemistry is the science that deals with the properties, composition, structure of substances, and transformations of matter along with energy changes.

• Matter: Physical substances with uniform properties (examples: gold, water).

• Substance: Continuous changes in properties observed in various conditions.

Page 11 - Exercise Questions

1. Define the term chemistry.

2. Explain properties, composition, and structure of substances.

Page 12 - Scope of Chemistry

Activity 1.2

• Branches of Chemistry:

  • i. Physical Chemistry

  • ii. Organic Chemistry

  • iii. Inorganic Chemistry

  • iv. Analytical Chemistry

  • v. Biochemistry

• Applications:

  • Extends into agriculture, medicine, food production, building construction, etc.

Page 13 - Exercise Questions

1. List examples of chemicals in various fields: agriculture, medicine, construction.

2. Discuss local problems caused by dangerous chemicals affecting the environment.

Page 14 - Relationship between Chemistry and Natural Sciences

Activity 1.3

• Discussion Points:

• Chemical properties linking evidence across Biology, Physics, and Chemistry.

Page 15 - Role of Chemistry in Society

Activity 1.4

• General Discussion:

1. Types of fertilizers used in Ethiopian agriculture.

2. Common household chemicals and their industrial origins.

3. Types of medical treatments known traditionally and modern.

4. Common fuels available at gas stations.

Page 16 - Conclusion to Section A

• Summary of the importance of chemistry in daily life and its industrial applications.

• Impact of chemistry on society’s modern challenges.

Page 17 - Common Chemical Industries in Ethiopia

• Identification and analysis of major chemical industries and their contributions to local economy.

(Additional structured notes are continued for the remaining pages following the same format.)