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Topic 1 - neutralisation
Definition of neutralisation - the reaction of an acid and an alkali forming salt and water
Acid | Salt formed |
|---|---|
Hydrochloric acid | Chloride |
Sulfuric acid | Sulfate |
Nitric acid | Nitrate |
Bases | Alkalis |
|---|---|
Sodium hydroxide | Sodium hydroxide |
Calcium oxide | Potassium hydroxide |
Potassium hydroxide | |
Lithium oxide | |
Copper oxide |
Alkali - a soluble base typically metal hydroxides
Base - metal oxides or metal hydroxides
Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen
Acid + alkali = salt + water
Acid + base = salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide
Indicator | Colour in hydrochloric acid | Colour in water | Colour in sodium hydroxide |
|---|---|---|---|
Red litmus | Same | Same | Blue |
Blue litmus | Red | Same | Same |
Universal indicator solution | Red | Green | Purple |
Methyl orange | Red | Orange | Orange |
Screened methyl orange | Dark red | Green | Green |
Phenolphthalein | Colourless | Colourless | Dark pink |
Indicator - a chemical that gives a colour change in acidic, alkaline and neutral soloutions.
