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Page 1: Nutritional Requirements in Plants

Overview

• Plants require specific nutrients to grow which can be divided into:

  • Light

  • Carbon Dioxide

  • Water

  • Soil

  • Nutrients

Nutrients

Macronutrients

• Nitrogen (N)

• Phosphorus (P)

• Magnesium (Mg)

• Calcium (Ca)

Micronutrients

• Copper (Cu)

• Iron (Fe)

• Chlorine (Cl)

• Manganese (Mn)

• Zinc (Zn)

Page 2: Essential Requirements

• Plants need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to synthesize their own food through photosynthesis.

Page 3: Additional Requirements

• Inquiry into what other materials are necessary for plant growth beyond basic requirements.

Page 4: Nutrient Sources from Soil

• Soil provides crucial nutrients that assist in plant growth and development.

Page 5: Nutritional Requirements of Plants

Essential Nutrients

• Nutrients are categorized into two groups:

  • Macronutrients: Required in larger quantities.

  • Micronutrients: Required in smaller amounts.

Page 6: Nutrient Categories

Macronutrients

• Secondary Nutrients:

  • Calcium (Ca)

  • Magnesium (Mg)

  • Sulfur (S)

• Primary Nutrients:

  • Nitrogen (N)

  • Phosphorus (P)

  • Potassium (K)

Micronutrients

• Boron (B)

• Zinc (Zn)

• Iron (Fe)

• Copper (Cu)

• Molybdenum (Mo)

• Chlorine (Cl)

Page 7: Macronutrients Focus

Macronutrients Specified

• Phosphorus

• Nitrogen

• Potassium

Page 8: Macronutrient Functions

Role of Macronutrients

• Nitrogen: Essential for nucleic acids and proteins.

• Phosphorus: Vital for nucleic acids and phospholipids in cell membranes.

Page 9: Elemental Functions Continued

Macronutrients' Significance

• Nitrogen: Crucial for protein synthesis and vegetative growth.

• Phosphorus: Important for energy storage and transport in plants.

Page 10: Macronutrient Functions

Functions Explained

• Nitrogen: Vital for proteins and nucleic acids.

• Phosphorus: Essential in energy storage; helps in syntheses.

• Potassium: Regulates stomatal openings and activates enzymes.

Page 11: Fertilizer Details

Understanding Fertilizers

• Fertilizers are labeled with three numbers indicating the ratio of:

  • Nitrogen (N)

  • Phosphorus (P)

  • Potassium (K)

Page 12: Other Macronutrients

Essential Elements

• Hydrogen and Oxygen: Formed from water and essential for photosynthesis.

• Carbon: Integral for carbohydrates and proteins.

• Sulfur: Component of some amino acids (e.g., cysteine).

Page 13: Additional Macronutrients' Functions

Roles of Macronutrients

• Calcium: Regulates transport and enzyme functions.

• Magnesium: Maintains ionic balance.

Page 14: Micronutrients Overview

Functions of Micronutrients

• Boron: Aids carbohydrate transport; deficiency causes bud dieback.

• Chlorine: Important for osmosis and ionic balance.

• Copper: Component of enzymes; deficiency leads to leaf discoloration.

Page 15: More Micronutrients

Roles of Micronutrients Continued

• Iron: Necessary for chlorophyll synthesis.

• Manganese: Activates enzymes for chlorophyll formation.

Page 16: Final Micronutrients

Additional Micronutrients

• Molybdenum: Converts nitrates to usable forms; aids nitrogen fixation.

• Zinc: Required for chlorophyll formation and enzyme activation.

Page 17: Nutrient Deficiencies

Symptoms of Deficiency

• Iron: Yellowing of young leaves while older leaves remain green.

• Nitrogen: Yellowing of lower leaves, lighter color in upper leaves.

• Manganese: Yellow spots in leaves.

• Calcium: Stunted new leaves; green older leaves.

• Potassium: Yellowing of leaf edges.

• Carbon Dioxide: Stunted growth and white leaf deposits.

Page 18: Types of Plants

Vascular vs Nonvascular Plants

• Nonvascular: Includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

• Vascular: Includes ferns and seed plants like conifers.

Page 19: Xylem Function

Role of Xylem

• Transports minerals and water from roots to other parts of plants.

• Contains tracheids and vessels.

Page 20: Phloem Function

Role of Phloem

• Primary tissue for transporting nutrients and food throughout plants.

Page 21: Material Movement in Vascular Tissues

Transport Mechanism

• Transpiration and absorption illustrated through leaf structure.

Page 22: Vascular Transport Mechanisms

Understanding Transpiration

• Describes water movement loss through leaves and stems.

Page 23: Summary of Material Movement

Key Processes Again

• Highlights of transpiration, absorption, and the role of cohesion.

Page 24: Water and Nutrient Movement

Comprehensive Overview

• Collection of vital nutrients and water through roots alongside transpiration processes.

Page 25: Root Structure

Anatomy of Roots

• Key components of dicot and monocot root structure.

Page 26: Vascular Transport

Vascular Bundles in Roots

• Organization of xylem and phloem in both dicots and monocots.

Page 27: Leaf Transport Structures

Vascular Tissue in Leaves

• Description of the leaf's structure including petiole, midrib, and vascular tissues.

Page 28: Importance of Vascular Bundles

Significance of Vascular Bundles

• Inquiry into the consequences of lacking vascular bundles for plants.

Page 29: Nutrient Importance Identification

Essential Elements in Plants

1. Carbon

2. Boron

3. Nitrogen

4. Potassium

5. Hydrogen and Oxygen

Page 30: Venn Diagram Activity

Comparative Task

• Requirement to complete the Venn diagram based on specific terms.

Page 31: Macronutrient Definition

Macronutrient Overview

• List of macronutrients needed in larger amounts: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur.

Page 32: Micronutrient Definition

Micronutrient Overview

• Summary of micronutrients: Boron, chlorine, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, and molybdenum.

Page 33: Nutritional Deficiencies Impact

Consequences of Nutrient Deficiencies

• Discusses how deficiencies in macro and micronutrients impair plant health.

Page 34: Capillary Action Definition

Capillary Action Explained

• Process of water moving through narrow xylem and phloem spaces.

Page 35: Nutrients in Plants

Essential Elements Summary

• Highlights the importance of carbohydrates, oils, proteins, vitamins, and the role of sunlight, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water in plant nutrition.