PAPER 3

🇺🇸 The Great Depression & New Deal (Americas)

Term Definition

Black Tuesday (1929) Stock market crash marking the start of the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles Shantytowns built by the unemployed during Hoover's presidency.

New Deal FDR’s program of economic relief, recovery, and reform.

Fireside Chats FDR's radio broadcasts to reassure and unite Americans.

Social Security Act (1935) Provided pensions and unemployment insurance.

NRA (National Recovery Administration) Regulated wages, prices, and working conditions.

Court Packing Plan (1937) FDR's failed attempt to add more justices to the Supreme Court.

Keynesian Economics Economic theory advocating for government spending in downturns.

🇪🇸 Spanish Civil War

Term Definition

Popular Front Leftist coalition supporting the Spanish Republic.

Nationalists Right-wing rebels led by Francisco Franco.

International Brigades Volunteer fighters supporting the Republic from abroad.

Guernica (1937) Town bombed by German air force; symbol of civilian suffering.

Non-Intervention Agreement Policy by Western democracies to avoid involvement.

Condor Legion Nazi Germany's military unit aiding Franco.

Francoist Dictatorship Authoritarian regime in Spain lasting until 1975.

🌍 World War I

Term Definition

Militarism Glorification of armed forces; arms buildup.

Alliances Military pacts between countries (Triple Entente, Triple Alliance).

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1914) Triggering event of WWI.

Zimmermann Telegram German proposal to Mexico to join war against U.S.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare German policy that led to U.S. entry into WWI.

Treaty of Versailles (1919) Ended WWI; blamed and punished Germany.

14 Points Wilson’s peace plan advocating self-determination.

🌍 World War II (Americas)

Term Definition

Lend-Lease Act (1941) U.S. program to supply Allies with arms.

Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941) Japanese attack leading to U.S. entry into WWII.

War Production Board Converted industries to war production.

Double V Campaign Victory against fascism abroad and racism at home.

Internment Camps Detention of Japanese Americans during WWII.

Manhattan Project Secret U.S. program to build atomic bombs.

Hiroshima & Nagasaki (1945) Atomic bombings ending the war in the Pacific.

🧊 Cold War (Americas)

Term Definition

Truman Doctrine (1947) U.S. promise to contain communism.

Marshall Plan U.S. economic aid to rebuild Western Europe.

Bay of Pigs (1961) Failed U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Confrontation over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Detente Period of relaxed tensions in 1970s.

Domino Theory Belief that if one nation fell to communism, others would follow.

Containment U.S. strategy to limit spread of communism.

🇻🇳 Vietnam War

Term Definition

Viet Cong Communist insurgents in South Vietnam.

Tet Offensive (1968) Surprise attack by North Vietnam, shifted U.S. public opinion.

Napalm/Agent Orange Chemicals used in U.S. warfare with devastating effects.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) Gave LBJ authority to escalate war in Vietnam.

Vietnamization Nixon’s policy to train South Vietnamese and withdraw U.S. troops.

Kent State Massacre 1970 protest shooting that deepened antiwar sentiment.

Fall of Saigon (1975) End of war; communist victory.

🧪 WHITEBOARDING STUDY QUIZ

INSTRUCTIONS:

Grab a whiteboard or blank sheet.

Read the prompt.

Write out the term, definition, AND 1 relevant fact or historian.

Flip to check your answer below.

🔁 QUESTIONS (Recall Mode)

Define the New Deal and name 1 key policy.

Who were the International Brigades and why were they significant?

Explain the Zimmermann Telegram and its impact.

What was the Double V Campaign?

What triggered the Cuban Missile Crisis?

What happened during the Tet Offensive, and why was it a turning point?

Define Francoist Dictatorship and how long it lasted.

What was the Marshall Plan and how did it relate to containment?

Why was Guernica (1937) historically significant?

What is Vietnamization and which U.S. president implemented it?

✅ ANSWER KEY (Self-Check)

New Deal: FDR’s program of relief, recovery, reform; e.g., Social Security Act.

International Brigades: Foreign volunteers supporting Spanish Republic; symbol of international anti-fascist solidarity.

Zimmermann Telegram: German message urging Mexico to fight U.S.; pushed U.S. into WWI.

Double V Campaign: WWII Black American movement for victory abroad & civil rights at home.

Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet missiles in Cuba; led to 13-day U.S.-USSR standoff.

Tet Offensive: 1968 surprise attack; discredited U.S. claims of progress in Vietnam.

Francoist Dictatorship: Fascist regime under Franco from 1939–1975.

Marshall Plan: U.S. aid to rebuild Europe and prevent communism.

Guernica (1937): Civilian bombing by Nazis in Spain; Picasso memorialized it.

Vietnamization: Nixon’s strategy to withdraw troops and train South Vietnamese.

✅ ROUND 1: QUICK FIRE RECALL (DEFINITIONS)

1. What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act (1941)?

2. Define Hoovervilles.

3. What was the Truman Doctrine?

4. Define the Domino Theory.

5. What were the International Brigades?

6. What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) authorize?

7. Define Tet Offensive.

8. What was the Double V Campaign?

9. What were the 14 Points?

10. Define Vietnamization.

✅ ROUND 2: TIMELINE DRILL (ORDER OF EVENTS)

• Fall of Saigon

• Tet Offensive

• New Deal introduced

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Guernica bombing

• Manhattan Project begins

• Cuban Missile Crisis

• Court Packing Plan

• Pearl Harbor

• Zimmerman Telegram

✅ ROUND 3: CONTEXT + HISTORIOGRAPHY MATCH

Mini Quiz (Example):

1. What would Howard Zinn argue about the New Deal?

2. Which historian emphasizes foreign policy failure in the Spanish Civil War?

3. Which view balances blame for the Cold War?

4. Give a sentence using Hobsbawm's view to explain WWII origins.

✅ ROUND 4: P3-LEVEL WRITING PRACTICE

1. “To what extent was U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War consistent?”

• Use: Truman Doctrine, Detente, Domino Theory, Cuban Missile Crisis

• Historians: Gaddis, Zubok

2. “Assess the effectiveness of the New Deal in solving the economic problems of the Great Depression.”

• Use: WPA, Social Security Act, Court Packing Plan

• Historians: Zinn vs Schlesinger

3. “Examine the significance of foreign intervention in the outcome of the Spanish Civil War.”

• Use: Condor Legion, International Brigades, USSR vs Non-Intervention Committee

• Historians: Gabriel Jackson