Course: ANT 210 L Session 5 - Advanced Airway and Respiratory Management
Instructor: Muhammad K. Muhammad, Mrs. of Anesthesia Technology
Institution: College of Healthcare Technologies
Contact Email: Muhammad.karim@auib.edu.iq
Meeting Date and Time: Thursday, 27.02.25, 2 PM - 4:30 PM
Common respiratory problems
Adults' airway management
Multiple case scenarios
Respiratory disorders/distress syndrome
Chest tube insertion
Top airway illnesses and diseases
Categories:
Asthma
Cystic Fibrosis
Emphysema
Lung Cancer
Mesothelioma
Pulmonary Hypertension
Tuberculosis
Consequences: Untreated lung disease can lead to significant health complications, distressing symptoms, and potential life-threatening situations.
Initial Assessment: Determining the cause and source of pulmonary conditions is crucial for treatment planning.
Role of Pulmonologist: After a thorough evaluation, a pulmonologist devises the best treatment plan based on the patient's condition and preferences.
Testing and Procedures: Various diagnostic and surgical tests are utilized, including:
Overviews of procedures
Rationale for procedures
Potential risks
Pre-procedure instructions
What to expect during and post-procedure
Patient Role: Patients are encouraged to understand risk factors and adopt preventative measures for lung disease.
Definition: A respiratory emergency occurs when the body cannot adequately oxygenate the blood or eliminate carbon dioxide, often termed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF).
Causes: Potential reasons for respiratory emergencies include:
Chest/spinal cord/brain injuries
Substance abuse (drugs and alcohol)
Lung diseases (e.g., COPD, pulmonary embolism)
Blockages, scarring, or fluid in the lungs
Exposure to irritants (smoking, pollution, etc.)
Patient Profile:
60-year-old male
Symptoms: Persistent right-sided chest pain and productive cough (yellow sputum), no hemoptysis.
Past smoking history: 1 pack daily for 50 years.
Family exposure to tuberculosis.
Physical Exam Findings:
Appearance: Cachectic, dyspneic
Vital Signs: BP 125/71 mmHg, Heart rate 122/min, Temperature 100°F, Respiratory rate 33/min, Sat 77% on room air (92% on 40% venti-mask).
Lung Auscultation: Diminished breath sounds on the right upper zone.
Chest Radiograph: Two figures provided depicting the patient's condition upon initial presentation and transfer to ICU.
As the patient's condition worsens, what is the appropriate means of providing ventilatory support? Options include:
A. Pressure support ventilation
B. Volume assist-control ventilation with tidal volumes of 6 ml/kg
C. Volume assist-control ventilation with tidal volumes of 12 ml/kg
D. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
Symptoms: Difficulty breathing is the primary symptom. Additional symptoms may develop based on the underlying cause, including blood clots, infections, and organ failure.
Common Indicators:
Shortness of breath
Rapid shallow breathing
Increased heart rate
Cough producing phlegm
Cyanosis (blue lips, skin)
Extreme fatigue
Crackling lung sounds
Chest pain with deep breaths
Low blood pressure
Confusion
Patient Profile: 6-year-old male with a 2-day history of cough and fever diagnosed with pneumonia. Poor inhaler response.
Assessment Steps: ABC assessment, oxygen application, initiation of nebulizer treatment, and escalation to intubation as necessary.
Patient Profile: 45-year-old male involved in a motor vehicle accident with severe left-sided chest pain and trouble breathing. Vital signs indicate respiratory distress with arterial hypoxemia (SpO₂ 88%).
Types: Asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, reactive airway disease.
Symptomatology: Include breathing difficulty, persistent cough, wheezing, frequent infections, chest tightness, and fatigue.
Primary Treatment: Cessation of smoking.
Medications: Bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, oral steroids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, antibiotics.
Therapies: Oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation.
Devices: BiPAP and home ventilation.
Surgery Options: Lung volume reduction, bullectomy, lung transplant (in severe cases).
Purpose: Airway management involves assessment, planning, and medical procedures to maintain or restore breathing, ensuring air flows correctly from the nose and mouth into the lungs.