traits and reproduction- 8th grade science

Definition:  A characteristic that all members of a species have 

Examples:  Hair, eyes, tusk 

Feature

Image:  (Search “genetic characteristic”)

Why is it important to describe which feature you’re studying?   So you can explain to other scientist

Definition:  a specific characteristic of an individual organism 

Examples:  Brown eyes, blonde hair 

Trait

Image: (hint: search trait genetic) 

How does the word trait relate to the word feature? Feature is true for all individuals in the whole species trait is taking about just the way that individuals turned out 

Definition:   how something works 

Examples:  function of a thumb 

Function

Image: (search your particular example)

How does it relate to structure?  The structure of something determines the function it ca do 

Definition:   The way something is shaped,structured or constructed  

Examples:  the wheel is round 

Structure

Image: (search your particular example)

How does it relate to function?  The way something is built to determine what it can do 

Definition:  a rype of large molecules that performs impooranat functions insde organisms 

Examples:  isulin, hormones 

Protein molecule

Image: 

What are they made of (you get it from food you break down)?:  amino acid

Definition:  an instructions for making a protein molecule

Example: A1

A2

Gene

Image:

What is it made of? One segment of a strand of DNA

Definition: 

A specific form of a gene that provides instructions for making a particular protein molecules 

Examples:  A1 A2

Gene version

Image: (hint: another word for it is allele)

Where do you get them from?  One from biological mom on from biological dad 

Definition:  having gene versions that are diffrent 

Examples:  Bb Hh

Heterozygous

Image: 

Diffrent 

Definition: 

Having gene versions of the same 

Examples:  

Bb,bb, HH,hh

Homozygous

Image: 

What does the prefix homo- mean? SAME

Definition: 

To receive genes from a parent 

Examples:  you inherent money 

Inherit

Image: (Hint: search inherit gene)

Why does it matter what variations you inherit?

You csn learn about the traits you have or are likel to have which can influence your health deciasions   

Definition:   the process in which two parent pass on their genes to create offspring

Examples: sex, making humans

Sexual reproduction

Image: (provided, not a good search term)

What is the alternative?

Asexual reproduction without sex- one parent creates offspring such as plants spawning other plants 

Principle

Evidence

1. The fuction (JOB) of a protein molecule depends on its structure shape and how it interacts with other protein molecules

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2.   Diffrence in the structure (shape) of protein molecules affect how they coonect to other protein molecules. this can result in different traits.

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3.   The structure (shape) of molecule determines how they fuction (work) of a molecular scale which determines the properties of the object they make up.

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4. Organisms can have diffrent proteins in their cells for a particular feature

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5. Genes are instructions for proteins 

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6. Each gene version provides a unique instructions to make a specific protein molecule in an organisms cells

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7. An organism has two copies of a gene for each feature 

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8. THe two copies of a a gene for each feature can be the same version-Homozygous- and provide instructions for only one type of protein

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9. The two copues of a gene for each feature can be different versions ( heterozygous) and provide instructions for two types of proteins 

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10. Organisms inherit their genes through sexual reproduction 

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11.   Each parent randomly passes one of its two copies of each gene to its offspring. Each offspring, therefore, receives two copies of each gene, ome from each parents 

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12. Through sexual reproduction, each offspring can inherit a different combination of gene versions, Therefore, siblings can have different traits from each other and even from their parents.

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