Ch.1 Chem

Page 3: Definition of Chemistry

• Chemistry: A science that studies matter—its composition, properties, and changes.

Page 4: Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry

• Analytical Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Physical Chemistry

• Biochemistry

• Chemical Education

• Environmental/Atmospheric Chemistry

• Polymer/Materials Chemistry

• Theoretical/Computational Chemistry

Page 5: Observable and Particulate World

• Observable World: The world that can be seen with the naked eye.

• Particulate World: Made up of objects too small to see, such as atoms and molecules.

• Representation Language: Chemical symbols such as H2O, O2, Na+, Cl-.

Page 6: Scientific Method

• Logical Process: Refers to a method scientists use to explain observations about the world around them.

Page 7: Statements Classification

1. The volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional when pressure is constant — Law.

2. Gases are made up of tiny particles in constant motion — Theory.

3. If the liquid is water, it should boil at 100°C — Hypothesis.

4. The shiny yellow metal has a density of 19.3 g/cm³ — Observation.

5. Analysis of Ivory soap ingredients for purity — Experiment.

Page 8: Definition of Matter

• Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.

• Physical States: Solid, Liquid, Gas.

• Examples: Water, Air, Gold.

• Fundamental Particles: Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.

Page 9: Physical States of Matter

• Solid:

  • Fixed shape

  • Fixed volume

  • Tightly packed particles

  • Not compressible

• Liquid:

  • Indefinite shape

  • Fixed volume

  • Medium spacing of particles

  • Can flow

• Gas:

  • Indefinite shape and volume

  • Far apart particles

  • Very compressible

Page 10: Changes in Physical States

• Physical State Changes: A substance can change states with changes in temperature or pressure.

  • Solid: Ice

  • Liquid: Water

  • Gas: Water vapor

Page 11: Classifying Matter

• Matter: Can be classified into pure substances and mixtures.

• Pure Substances: Have a definite composition.

• Mixtures: Composed of two or more substances.

Page 12: Composition of Matter

• Pure Substance: Examples include elements (oxygen) and compounds (water).

• Mixtures: Examples include air and salt water.

• Key Properties: Composition, appearance, properties, separation methods.

Page 13: Classification of Pure Substances

• Elements: Cannot be broken down into simpler substances (e.g., oxygen).

• Compounds: Substances formed from two or more elements (e.g., water).

Page 14: Classification of Mixtures

• Homogeneous Mixture: Composition is uniform (e.g., salt water).

• Heterogeneous Mixture: Composition is not uniform (e.g., muddy water).

Page 15-16: Examples of Matter Classification

• Classifications:

  • Pure Element: Aluminum

  • Pure Compound: Carbon dioxide

  • Homogeneous Mixture: Air

  • Heterogeneous Mixture: Hamburger

Page 17: Detailed Descriptions

• Task: Write detailed descriptions for the classified contents in the box, focusing on their properties and classifications.