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Myopia:

• Definition: Nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects clearly.

Hyperopia:

• Definition: Farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects clearly.

Fovea Centralis:

• Definition: A small, central pit in the retina with the highest concentration of cones for sharp vision.

Color Blindness:

• Definition: A genetic or acquired deficiency in color vision.

Blind Spot:

• Definition: The point on the retina where the optic nerve exits, lacking photoreceptor cells.

Sound Waves:

• Definition: Vibrations in the air that are perceived as sound.

Outer Ear:

• Definition: The external part of the ear, including the pinna and auditory canal.

Pinna:

• Definition: The visible, external part of the ear.

Auditory Canal:

• Definition: The tube-like structure leading from the external ear to the eardrum.

Middle Ear:

• Definition: The space containing the eardrum and ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes).

Tympanum:

• Definition: The eardrum; a thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves.

Ossicles:

• Definition: Three small bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit vibrations.

Oval Window:

• Definition: The membrane-covered opening between the middle ear and inner ear.

Eustachian Tube:

• Definition: A tube that connects the middle ear to the throat, equalizing air pressure.

Inner Ear:

• Definition: The space containing the cochlea and semicircular canals.

Cochlea:

• Definition: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing.

Organ of Corti:

• Definition: A structure in the cochlea containing hair cells that convert vibrations into nerve signals.

Basilar Membrane:

• Definition: A membrane in the cochlea that plays a key role in the transduction of sound.

Hair Cells:

• Definition: Sensory cells in the inner ear that respond to vibrations and transmit signals to the brain.

Tectorial Membrane:

• Definition: A gelatinous membrane in the cochlea that contacts hair cells, initiating nerve signals.

Semicircular Canals:

• Definition: Structures in the inner ear responsible for rotational equilibrium and balance.

Rotational Equilibrium:

• Definition: The sense of rotation and angular movement.

Gravitational Equilibrium:

• Definition: The sense of linear acceleration and changes in head position.

Utricle:

• Definition: A part of the inner ear involved in detecting changes in horizontal acceleration.

Saccule:

• Definition: A part of the inner ear involved in detecting changes in vertical acceleration.

Otoliths:

• Definition: Small crystals in the utricle and saccule that enhance the detection of linear acceleration.

Proprioceptors:

• Definition: Sensory receptors that provide information about body position and movement.

Taste Buds:

• Definition: Clusters of sensory cells on the tongue that detect different tastes.

Olfactory Cells:

• Definition: Sensory cells in the nasal cavity responsible for detecting odors.