House through time

• Liverpool was important in the 19th and 20th centuries because of its close location to the sea and its docks, meaning there was lots of trade

• At the start of Falkner street’s history in the 1840s it was very desirable, with rich people living there. It then lost value and by the 1950s was regarded as a slum. Today it is once again regarded as desirable

Causes of WW1

• State: a nation/territory considered as an organised political community under one government

• Nation: a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture or language, inhabiting/identifying with a particular state/territory

• Nationalism: the idea that your nation should be state for political independence

• Militarism: the belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it to defend/promote national interests

• Austria-Hungary was very power hungry and wanted to control a lot of countries, but didn’t treat the people in those countries well

• Serbia was angry with the was Austria-Hungary had taken over much of their lands and treated their people badly

• MAIN causes of WW1: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

• Triple alliance: Germany, A-H (+Bosnia), Italy

• Triple entente: Britain, France, Russia

• Scramble for Africa: the invasion, occupation and colonisation of African territory by European powers between the 1880s and the 1914

• Schlieffen plan: Germany’s plan to quickly defeat France by going through Belgium before turning to the eastern front for a major offensive on Russia

WW1 Typicality

• Home front: the people who remain at home and contribute to the war effort through activities other than fighting

• Civilians: people who are not in the military or emergency services

• Defence of the Realm act:

  • No talking about military matters in public

  • No buying binoculars

  • Daylight savings

  • Opening hours in pubs cut & watering down beer

  • Government could censor newspapers

  • Government could take over any piece of land/factory

Suffragettes

• Suffragists: the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) led by Millicent Fawcett

• Suffragettes: the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) led by Emmeline Pankhurst

Russia

• Peasants: included four out of every five people in Russia, life expectancy was less than 40 years

• Nobility: 1% of the population but owned 1/4 of the land, had large country estates as well as homes in St Petersburg / Moscow / both

• Middle class: were given contracts/loans by government, made up of bankers, merchant and rich capitalists that owned the industrial works

• Workers: lived in cheap lodging houses / large tenement buildings, away from the city lived in barracks next to their factories

• Army: dealt with anyone who criticised the government, had spies & agents everywhere, stopped strikes/protests/riots with great brutality

• Autocracy: all power is in the hands of the monarch

• Parties in Russia:

  • Liberals

  • Social Revolutionaries

  • Social democrats (split into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks)

• Changes after the October manifesto:

  • Peasants: things got worse, left without land & starving

  • Kulaks: things got better, they worked and were able to provide for their families, they were happy with the government

  • Workers: things got worse, kept striking, wages went down & prices went up, conditions got worse

  • Middle class: wanted a lot of changes but didn’t get them, nobles got what they wanted but not them

  • Nobility: they were listened to in the duma and took over peasants land

  • Royals: didn’t end up having to keep promises

• Plutocracy: a governmental system controlled by the rich

• Provisional government: temporary government of old members of the duma, would run until elections could be organised

• Soviet: representatives of workers & soldiers, controlled the armed forces. Provisional government could only make decisions if they agreed