Lect5 BIOSCI

Lecture Overview

• Course: Bio 107 Lecture 5 Review 2025

• Instructor: Anthony Phillips

Exam Expectations

• Core Materials to Consult:

  • Lecture Content

  • Lecture Slides

  • Lecture Guide (All inclusive)

  • Textbook Specific Readings

  • Lab-book (no specific requirements for this instructor)

• Utilization Guidelines:

  • Use lecture slides for comprehensive core content

  • Specific readings augmenting lecture material

  • Be mindful of discrepancies between lectures and textbook readings

  • When in doubt, rely on lecture slides and discussed content

• Important Note: Clinical examples included for relevance; only content from lectures and slides required for exam.

Approach to Questions

• Integrative Learning: Combine facts from slides and lectures to interpret questions.

• Scoring Criteria:

  • A: Full understanding

  • B: Basic integration

  • C: Minimal integration

Body Systems Covered

• Eleven Body Systems: Understand composition and organ roles:

  • Integumentary

  • Muscular

  • Skeletal

  • Nervous

  • Endocrine

  • Lymphatic and Immune

  • Cardiovascular

  • Respiratory

  • Digestive

  • Urinary

  • Reproductive

• Example: Pancreas functions in both digestive and endocrine systems.

Lymphatic and Immune System

• Primary Functions:

  • Brings lymph fluid with lymphocytes to veins of cardiovascular system.

  • Engulf pathogens and stimulate immune response.

• Components:

  • Lymphatic vessels

  • Lymphatic fluid, B & T cells

  • Lymph nodes monitor lymph composition

  • Spleen recycles red blood cells and produces immune responses

  • Thymus: Development of T cells.

Diagram of Lymphatic System

• Lymphatic ducts empty lymph into cardiovascular system (subclavian veins).

• Key Point: Afferent vessels carry lymph to lymph nodes; efferent vessels carry lymph away.

• Note: No need to memorize specific lymphatic names.

Endocrine System Overview

• Glands and Functions:

  • Pineal gland: Regulates sleep through melatonin.

  • Hypothalamus/Pituitary: Controls multiple glands, regulates growth and fluid balance.

  • Thyroid gland: Metabolic rate control through thyroxine.

  • Parathyroid gland: Calcium level regulation.

  • Adrenal glands: Stress response, metabolism regulation.

  • Pancreas: Glucose control.

  • Gonads: Sexual characteristics and reproduction.

• General knowledge on hormone activity is sufficient; detailed specifics are unnecessary.

Ways to Identify Epithelium Types

• Columnar Types: Recognize features like ciliated versus non-ciliated and presence of goblet cells.

  • Transitional Epithelium: Found in bladder; exhibits stretched and relaxed states.

  • Stratified Types: Understand differences in appearance under various conditions.

Glandular Epithelium

• Types:

  • Endocrine: Directly secretes into blood (e.g., pancreas).

  • Exocrine: Uses ducts to release substances onto epithelium surfaces (sweat, saliva).

• Mixed glands can have both types of secretion.

Connective Tissues

• Comprised of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) + Cells.

• Key components:

  • Ground Substance (water, proteins, polysaccharides)

  • Protein Fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic).

• Importance of ECM structure relates to tissue function (e.g., soft vs. hard connective tissues).

Muscle and Nerve Tissues

• Muscle Types: Striated (skeletal, cardiac) vs. non-striated (smooth).

• Nerve Components: Discusses role of neuroglia in supporting and insulating neurons.

Quiz Questions Review

• Review queries focusing on body systems, histology, and connective tissues.

• Practice critical thinking by evaluating multiple-choice statements.

Closing Remarks

• Best Wishes: Encouragement for students to excel in their upcoming assessments and to maintain contact with faculty for support.

Textbook and Resource Acknowledgements

• Key texts: Tortora and Derrickson editions highlighted.

• Image credits for visual materials used within presentations.