Weight of objects and their placement in relation to each other.
Sense of stability:
Symmetrical: Exact mirroring of objects across an axis.
Asymmetrical: Objects do not mirror each other perfectly, creating a shift in visual weight.
Radial: Objects are distributed around a central point.
Size of objects in relation to each other or within a larger whole.
Types of proportion:
Natural: Realistic sizes.
Exaggerated: Sizes altered for effect.
Idealized: Sizes represent a perfect form.
Use of contrast, placement, size, color, or features to highlight one element.
Creates a focal point that draws attention.
Sense of difference between elements of an artwork.
Opposite of unity and harmony; introduces chaos to convey powerful emotions.
Example: Salvador Dali’s works showcasing chaos alongside perfection.
Use of related elements like colors, shapes, sizes.
Creates a sense of connection and flow.
Crucial aspect of art principles.
Indicates the direction the viewer's eyes take while observing the work.
Use of regularly distributed elements.
Can convey feelings of varying speeds: slow, fast, smooth, or jerky.
Size of an object in relation to expected reality.
Diminutive: Smaller than expected.
Monumental: Much larger than expected.
Overall cohesion of the work through grouping of objects and similarity.
Patterns of shapes, colors, or elements recurring across a composition.
Evokes feelings of security and calm.
Defined by the use of stones for survival tools.
There are three periods:
Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)
Neolithic (New Stone Age)
Art reflects early human beliefs and activities; themes include religion, nature, and everyday life.
Humans were hunter-gatherers, creating art in caves as a response to climate change.
Example: Halls of Bulls in Lascaux, France.
Transition from Paleolithic art; characterized by schematic forms and use of the color red.
Example: Venus of Willendorf symbolizes fertility.
Transition to agriculture and permanent settlements; significant developments in pottery and monumental structures like Stonehenge.
First civilization with significant advancements in literature, mathematics, and governance.
Art was primarily religious; developed in three periods: Old, Middle, New Kingdom.
Focus on the afterlife, where the preservation of the body was essential.
Law of Frontality in sculptures; pyramids served as burial monuments filled with art and possessions for the pharaoh’s afterlife.
Narmer Palette: Symbol of the unification of Egypt.
Great Pyramid of Giza: Architectural wonder serving as a pharaoh’s tomb.
Valued poetry, drama, philosophy.
Focused on human form and nature; art in painting, sculpture, architecture.
Geometric Period: Recovery from Dark Ages; focus on geometric shapes.
Archaic Period: Importance on the human figure; less stylized.
Classical Period: Peak of sculpture and architecture; perfection of human form.
Hellenistic Period: Emotional expression and realism in art.
Cultural fusion with Greek influences; focus on realism and commemorative art.
Major works include sculptures and architecture like the Colosseum and Pantheon.
Characterized by scripts copied from Christian scripture and centralized church authority.
Great cathedrals were built during Romanesque and Gothic periods.
Originating in Florence, a revival of classical values.
Focused on depth, naturalism, and humanism; significant works from artists like Da Vinci and Michelangelo.
Characterized by distortion and exaggeration.
Used dramatic lighting and grandeur; Rococo emphasized aristocratic life.
Inspired by ancient Greek and Roman styles, reaction against Baroque.
Focused on emotion and heroic elements.
Accurate depictions reflecting everyday life.
Focus on realistic details in natural settings.
Emphasized brushstrokes, light, and color.
Developed by Picasso; abandoned traditional perspective.
Focused on speed, energy, and modern life.