Term 4 Final Exam Study Guide

Self-Defense

Common Misconception: Screaming does not guarantee help; reactions depend on the situation and surrounding individuals.
Choke vs. Strangle:
- Choke: Blockage of the airway.
- Strangle: Pressure on the neck affecting blood flow.
Turtle Meaning: A self-defense position that minimizes exposure and protects vital organs.
Attackers: Majority of victims know their attackers; awareness increases personal safety.
Escape Techniques: Learn concepts to escape grabs, focusing on the weakest parts of the grip.
Weakest Part of a Grab: Usually the fingers or the wrist; target these to escape.
Impromptu Weapons: Everyday items (keys, bags) can be used for self-defense.
Hair Grabs: Avoid long hair styles or learn to cover/grab hair effectively.
Suspicious Vehicles: Be aware of unusual vehicles in your vicinity; take note of descriptions.
Distraction Techniques: Use subtle movements or sounds to distract and confuse attackers.
High-Risk Exposures: Avoid exposing the neck and face to the attacker.
First Line of Defense: Awareness and avoidance of dangerous situations.
Basic Skills: Practice fundamental self-defense maneuvers and techniques.
Key Attack Points: Target vulnerable areas such as eyes, throat, or groin during self-defense.

Scoring: Points scored as 15, 30, 40, and game; the term "love" indicates 0.
Serve Chances: Players typically receive two chances to serve per point.
Scoring Format: Home team’s score is stated first (e.g., "30 - 15").
Definitions:
- Rally: Exchange of shots before a point is won.
- Deuce: Tie at 40-40 requiring two successive points to win.
- Return: Shot played after the serve.
- Volley: Hitting the ball before it bounces.
Foot Fault: A fault committed when a player steps over the baseline before serving.

Court Differences: Singles court is narrower than doubles.
Fault Examples:
- Hitting outside designated lines.
Shot Definitions: Understanding different shots (smash, drop, clear) and their uses/trajectories.
Game Objective: Score points by landing the shuttlecock in the opponent's court.
Serving Rules: Underhand, shuttlecock must be struck below waist.
Birdie on Lines: If the shuttlecock touches the line, it is considered in.
Hit Limitations: Players are allowed one hit per side before returning the shuttlecock.
Winning Conditions: Games played to 21 points, must win by 2 points.
Net Height: Standard net height is 1.55 meters for men, 1.524 meters for women.

Players Count: Fast-pitch has 9 players; slow-pitch often has 10.
Terms:
- Batter up: Indicates next batter.
- On deck: Next batter preparing.
- In the hole: Next batter after "on deck".
Understanding Foul Balls: Count as strikes and can affect outs.
Glove Positioning: Typically worn on the non-dominant hand.
Fielding Techniques: Skills for handling ground balls properly.
Strike Zone Definition: Area over the plate where pitches are strikes.
Force Out: A play where a runner is out when touched by the ball while not occupying a base.
Tagging Up: Runners must return to their base after a catch before running.
Historical Overview: Important moments in softball history.
Walk Condition: 4 balls leads to a walk.
Outs Per Inning: 3 outs is the limit before the batting team switches.
Base Running Terms:
- Single: One base hit.
- Double: Two bases.
- Triple: Three bases.
Pop-Ups Defined: Balls hit high into the infield/outfield.

Dribbling: Controlled movement of the ball; fundamental skill.
Shooting: Aiming to score in the goal area.
Throw-In Rules: Opponent's last touch leads to a throw-in.
Team Composition: Standard team has 11 players.
Corner Kicks: Awarded for balls played out by defenders over the goal line.
Goal Kicks: Awarded when attacking teams kick the ball out.
Trapping: Controlling the ball with the foot or body.
Field Markings: Understand the significance of markings for gameplay.
Offside Rule: An attacking player must not be nearer to the opponent's goal line than the ball and the second-last opponent when the ball is played.
Kickoff: Start of play after goals or starting a half.
Player Positions: Each player has specific duties (e.g., defender, forward).
Penalty Kick: Awarded for fouls inside the penalty area.

Scoring Mechanics: Points awarded on the serving team's successful rally.
Initial Serve Call: Score called as "0-0-1" for the first serve.
Two-Bounce Rule: The ball must bounce on each side after the serve before volleys occur.
Kitchen Rules: No volleys allowed in the non-volley zone, or "kitchen".
Point Target: Games typically played to 11 or 21 points.
Kitchen Size: The non-volley zone is 7 feet from the net.
Serve Rules: The ball must be hit diagonally across the court.
Entry Into Kitchen: Players may only enter the kitchen when the ball bounces.
Establishment of Sport: Pickleball was established in the USA in the 1960s, integrating elements from badminton, table tennis, and tennis.

Downs System: Teams receive 4 downs to advance the ball 10 yards.
Team Size: Standard team includes 7-11 players depending on the format.
Point Values: Touchdowns are worth 6 points, extra points vary.
Positions:
- Quarterback: Calls plays, passes the ball.
- Receiver: Catches passes.
Throwing Options Post-Line of Scrimmage: Pass to eligible receivers only; no runs allowed.
Ball Distribution Rules: Rules governing how the ball can be passed among teammates.
Game Outcomes: Understanding terms like interception, incomplete, fumble.
Touchdowns: Scored in the end zone past the opponent’s goal line.
Prohibited Actions: Tackling, blocking, or any form of physical contact is typically not allowed.
Catching Technique: Proper hand positioning is crucial for successful catches.
Starting the Game: Kickoff instead of a punt to begin games.

Muscle Function: The trapezius muscle aids in arm attachment to the body.
Trapezius Parts: Trapezius has three functional sections: upper, middle, and lower.
Kyphosis Definition: A spinal defect characterized by an excessive outward curve of the spine, leading to hunching.