Term 4 Final Exam Study Guide

Self-Defense

• Common Misconception: Screaming does not guarantee help; reactions depend on the situation and surrounding individuals.
• Choke vs. Strangle:
  • Choke: Blockage of the airway.
  • Strangle: Pressure on the neck affecting blood flow.
• Turtle Meaning: A self-defense position that minimizes exposure and protects vital organs.
• Attackers: Majority of victims know their attackers; awareness increases personal safety.
• Escape Techniques: Learn concepts to escape grabs, focusing on the weakest parts of the grip.
• Weakest Part of a Grab: Usually the fingers or the wrist; target these to escape.
• Impromptu Weapons: Everyday items (keys, bags) can be used for self-defense.
• Hair Grabs: Avoid long hair styles or learn to cover/grab hair effectively.
• Suspicious Vehicles: Be aware of unusual vehicles in your vicinity; take note of descriptions.
• Distraction Techniques: Use subtle movements or sounds to distract and confuse attackers.
• High-Risk Exposures: Avoid exposing the neck and face to the attacker.
• First Line of Defense: Awareness and avoidance of dangerous situations.
• Basic Skills: Practice fundamental self-defense maneuvers and techniques.
• Key Attack Points: Target vulnerable areas such as eyes, throat, or groin during self-defense.

Tennis

• Scoring: Points scored as 15, 30, 40, and game; the term "love" indicates 0.
• Serve Chances: Players typically receive two chances to serve per point.
• Scoring Format: Home team’s score is stated first (e.g., "30 - 15").
• Definitions:
  • Rally: Exchange of shots before a point is won.
  • Deuce: Tie at 40-40 requiring two successive points to win.
  • Return: Shot played after the serve.
  • Volley: Hitting the ball before it bounces.
• Foot Fault: A fault committed when a player steps over the baseline before serving.

Badminton

• Court Differences: Singles court is narrower than doubles.
• Fault Examples:
  • Hitting outside designated lines.
• Shot Definitions: Understanding different shots (smash, drop, clear) and their uses/trajectories.
• Game Objective: Score points by landing the shuttlecock in the opponent's court.
• Serving Rules: Underhand, shuttlecock must be struck below waist.
• Birdie on Lines: If the shuttlecock touches the line, it is considered in.
• Hit Limitations: Players are allowed one hit per side before returning the shuttlecock.
• Winning Conditions: Games played to 21 points, must win by 2 points.
• Net Height: Standard net height is 1.55 meters for men, 1.524 meters for women.

Softball

• Players Count: Fast-pitch has 9 players; slow-pitch often has 10.
• Terms:
  • Batter up: Indicates next batter.
  • On deck: Next batter preparing.
  • In the hole: Next batter after "on deck".
• Understanding Foul Balls: Count as strikes and can affect outs.
• Glove Positioning: Typically worn on the non-dominant hand.
• Fielding Techniques: Skills for handling ground balls properly.
• Strike Zone Definition: Area over the plate where pitches are strikes.
• Force Out: A play where a runner is out when touched by the ball while not occupying a base.
• Tagging Up: Runners must return to their base after a catch before running.
• Historical Overview: Important moments in softball history.
• Walk Condition: 4 balls leads to a walk.
• Outs Per Inning: 3 outs is the limit before the batting team switches.
• Base Running Terms:
  • Single: One base hit.
  • Double: Two bases.
  • Triple: Three bases.
• Pop-Ups Defined: Balls hit high into the infield/outfield.

Soccer

• Dribbling: Controlled movement of the ball; fundamental skill.
• Shooting: Aiming to score in the goal area.
• Throw-In Rules: Opponent's last touch leads to a throw-in.
• Team Composition: Standard team has 11 players.
• Corner Kicks: Awarded for balls played out by defenders over the goal line.
• Goal Kicks: Awarded when attacking teams kick the ball out.
• Trapping: Controlling the ball with the foot or body.
• Field Markings: Understand the significance of markings for gameplay.
• Offside Rule: An attacking player must not be nearer to the opponent's goal line than the ball and the second-last opponent when the ball is played.
• Kickoff: Start of play after goals or starting a half.
• Player Positions: Each player has specific duties (e.g., defender, forward).
• Penalty Kick: Awarded for fouls inside the penalty area.

Pickleball

• Scoring Mechanics: Points awarded on the serving team's successful rally.
• Initial Serve Call: Score called as "0-0-1" for the first serve.
• Two-Bounce Rule: The ball must bounce on each side after the serve before volleys occur.
• Kitchen Rules: No volleys allowed in the non-volley zone, or "kitchen".
• Point Target: Games typically played to 11 or 21 points.
• Kitchen Size: The non-volley zone is 7 feet from the net.
• Serve Rules: The ball must be hit diagonally across the court.
• Entry Into Kitchen: Players may only enter the kitchen when the ball bounces.
• Establishment of Sport: Pickleball was established in the USA in the 1960s, integrating elements from badminton, table tennis, and tennis.

Flag Football

• Downs System: Teams receive 4 downs to advance the ball 10 yards.
• Team Size: Standard team includes 7-11 players depending on the format.
• Point Values: Touchdowns are worth 6 points, extra points vary.
• Positions:
  • Quarterback: Calls plays, passes the ball.
  • Receiver: Catches passes.
• Throwing Options Post-Line of Scrimmage: Pass to eligible receivers only; no runs allowed.
• Ball Distribution Rules: Rules governing how the ball can be passed among teammates.
• Game Outcomes: Understanding terms like interception, incomplete, fumble.
• Touchdowns: Scored in the end zone past the opponent’s goal line.
• Prohibited Actions: Tackling, blocking, or any form of physical contact is typically not allowed.
• Catching Technique: Proper hand positioning is crucial for successful catches.
• Starting the Game: Kickoff instead of a punt to begin games.

Playtime

• Muscle Function: The trapezius muscle aids in arm attachment to the body.
• Trapezius Parts: Trapezius has three functional sections: upper, middle, and lower.
• Kyphosis Definition: A spinal defect characterized by an excessive outward curve of the spine, leading to hunching.