EXAM 1 NOTES TERM 2a

OXYGENATION

COPD

• Alveoli lose elasticity and collapse bronchioles

• Number ONE cause of COPD 

  • SMOKING 

    • Next is environmental 

• Lower respiratory tract is 

  • Left bronchus

  • Right bronchus

  • Bronchioles 

  • Alveoli 

• Diagnostic testing

  • PFT 

  • ABG

  • CBC

  • Pulse ox

  • Incentive spirometry

  • Chest x ray 

    • Hgb - can be high 

    • WBC - spike 

Prevention

• Smoking cessation

• Removing environmental hazards 

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS  

• BRONCHIOLES 

  • Tightens smooth muscle 

  • Productive cough lasting > 3 months in 2 consecutive years 

  • Difficult to get oxygen in 

  • Difficult to get co2 outs

• S/S

  • Cyanosis 

  • Clubbing fingers

  • Early: exertion dyspnea

    • Ex: stairs, walking 

  • Lung sounds 

    • Rhonchi 

    • Coarse crackles 

    • Wheezing

    • Diminished 

EMPHYSEMA (PINK PUFFERS)

• Alveoli

  • Destruction of walls of alveoli

  • Causes air trapping (air flow) leads to bronchitis

  • Airway abnormalities 

    • Less area for gas exchange

    • Decreases alveolar recoil air comes in does not push out

• S/S

  • Barrel chest

  • Air trapping 

  • Clubbing