KB

Appendicular System

Girdles

  • Pectoral or Shoulder

  • Pelvic

Upper Limbs

  • Arm

  • forearm

  • wrist

  • Hand

Lower Limb

  • Thigh

  • Leg

  • Foot

Pectoral Girdle

Scapula

  • Acromion Process - Forms protective cover: Attachment for muscles. Attachment for clavicle

  • Scapular Spine - Divides posterior surface into supra and infraspinous fossae

  • Coracoid Process - Attachment for muscles

  • Glenoid Cavity - Articulates with humerus

Clavicle (2) - Articulates with acromion and with manubrium of sternum

Arm (Humerus)

Head

Neck - Anatomic and surgical

Tubercles - greater and lesser

Intertubercular Groove

Deltoid tuberosity

Capitulum - Rounded: articulates w/radius

Trochlea - Spool-shaped: articulates w/ulna

Epicondyles

Forearm: Radius

Medial; Thumb Side

Proximal End

  • Head - Rotates in radial notch of ulna

  • Radial Tuberosity - Site of biceps branchii insertion

Distal End

  • Articulates with carpals and ulna: styloid process

Forearm: Ulna

Lateral, little finger side

Proximal End

  • Trochlear Notch - Fits over trochlea of humerus

  • Olecranon Process - Point of elbow

  • Coronoid Process

Distal end

  • Head - Articulates with radius and with carpals

  • Styloid Process

Wrist and Hand

Wrist - Eight carpal bones

  • Medial to lateral for proximal row and distal row

  • So long top part, Here comes the thumb = Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

  • As a unit are convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly

  • Carpal tunnel - on anterior surface; Ligament from tubercle of trapezium to hook of hanmate

Hand - five metacarpals (palm of hand) five digits with their phalanges

Pelvic Girdle

Coxal bones and sacrum form ring

Pelvis - Pelvic girdle and coccyx

coxal bones - Right and left: Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

Acetabulum - Articulates with head of femur

Obturator foramen

Sacrum

Thigh

Femur

  • Head - Articulates with acetabulum

  • Neck

  • Trochanters - Attachment for muscles that fasten lower extremity to hip: Greater and Lesser

  • Distal condyles - Articulate with tibia: medial and Lateral

  • Epicondyles - ligament attachment: Medial and lateral

Patella/Kneecap(Sesamoid)

In tendon of quadriceps femoris: changes force relationship between femur and tibia

Leg

Tibia

Larger, supports most of weight

  • Tibial Tuberosity - Attachment of quadriceps femoris

  • Anterior Crest - Shin

  • Condyles - Medial and lateral: articulate with femur condyles

  • Intercondylar Eminence

  • Medial Malleolus - Medial side of ankle

Fibula

Articulates with tibia not femur

  • Lateral Malleus - Lateral wall of ankle

Foot: Tarsals, metatarsals, Phalanges

Tarsals (7)

  • Proximal Row - No Thanks Cow - Navicular, Talus, Calcaneus

metatarsals(5)

foot

Phalanges - Toes