Actual Note Review Chem

Half filled orbital theory applies to : Au - Gold, Mo- Molybedenum, Cu-copper, Ag-silver, Cr -chromium, W- Tungsten

where in the atom is the proton and neutron : in the nucleus

where in the atom is the electron : around the nucleus, in the orbitals bc opposite charges attract

crest : the very top of a wavelength

trough : the very bottom of a wavelength

amplitud : the length from either trough or crest from the middle

wavelength : the distance between each wavelength

atom : smalletes unit of matter that retains chemical properties

Isotope: variation of an atom that has a differenct mass, but the same chemical property bc of a diff amnt of neutrons

Ion: atim with imbalanced charge

cation : positive, subtract from electron

anion: negative, add to electron

variable and unit for speed : c and m/s

variable and unit for frequency : v and Hz

variable and unit for energy : E and J

where the atomic mass goes in symbol notation : upper left

where atomic number does in symbol notation : bottom left

where charge goes in symbol notation : upper right

alpha decay : 4/2 He

beta decay : 0/-1 e

shape, # of orbitals, # of electrons for S : sphere, 1 , 2

shape, # of orbitals, # of electrons for P : dumbbell, 3, 6

shape, # of orbitals, # of electrons for d : clover, 5, 10

shape, # of orbitals, # of electrons for F : flower, 7, 14

energy level 1 : s, 1 orbital, 2 electrons

energy level 2 : s,p , 4 orbitals, 8 electrons

energy level 3 : s,p,d, 9 orbitals, 18 electrons

energy level 4 : s,p,d,f, 16 orbitals, 32 electrons

Aufbau rule : electrons occupy obital of the lowers orbital energy first

Pauli Exclusion principle: orbital can only hold two eectrons which spin in opposite directions (occupy empty orbitals before pairing up)

Hund’s rule : electrons fill orbitals of the same energy one at a time before doubling up

alpha ray: alpha decay is 4/2 He - cannot penetrate most matter, can be stopped by paper

beta decay : 0/-1 e - can be stopped by clothing, can cause radiation damage, like skin burns

gamma : has a lot of penetrating power, very dangerous, only stopped by very dense material, like lead

fusion: combines nucleus which release energy, release more energy than fission, in nucleus

fission: splits nucles, creates a lot of energy, involves nucleus

how many nm in 1 m : 10^9

atomic mass = : protons and neutrons

charge = : protons - electrons

atomic number = : protons

in a table, next to the name you put, : the atomic mass

average atomic mass unit: amu

average atomic mass formula : relative abundance x mass number + etc

what do you do to the percent before the equation in average atomic mass : divide by 100

sigfig rule for multiplication : least amount of sigfigs

sigfig rule for addition and subtraction: least amount of decimal places

to solve half life : find the amount of half lives that is occuring, then multiply that as an exponent to 1/2 and then solve

all electromagnetic waves travel : at the speed of light

ground state: lowest energy in electron

excited state: electron at higher energy level

ground state to excited : photon absorbed

excited state to ground : photon emmited