Clinical Chem Urinalysis

# Urinalysis

* common laboratory test on urine sample
* non-invasive procedure to check for the composition of urine
* to screen, diagnose & monitor a wide range of health conditions/clinical disorders
* urinary tract infection, urologic disorders (e.g., calculi & malignancy), diabetes, kidney & liver diseases

## Diagnostic Testing

# Physical

* volume
* closely regulated by kidneys
* reflects overall fluid homeostasis
* Polyuria
* urine volume > 2000ml/day
* due to osmotic diuresis in diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism & infections
* insufficient secretion of / inability to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
* lack of hormone aldosterone
* after urination, it burns
* excessive intake / infusion of fluid
* renal diseases where the kidneys fail to concentrate urine
* the use of diuretics, alcohol & caffeine
* Oliguria
* urine volume