Untitled Flashcards Set

What was the Civil Rights Movement? U14 L5 S1

The civil rights movement helped end legal segregation. It also brought about two monumental pieces of legislation: the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. As the movement progressed into the 1970s, it evolved and expanded. Other groups increasingly took action to gain the rights and protections that the Constitution promised to all Americans. These groups included women, Latinos, and Native Americans.

What was the primary focus/goal of nonviolent sit-ins during the civil rights movement? U12 L1 S2

To end racial discrimination and segragation. 

What was the purpose of the March on Washington? U12 L1 S4

. Its purpose was to pressure President John F. Kennedy to act on his promises regarding civil rights.

Describe each piece of civil rights legislation- U12 L2 S2

Twenty-Fourth Amendment:  It specifically prohibited the imposition of poll taxes on voters. Poverty would no longer serve as an obstacle to voting.

Civil Rights Act of 1964: Kennedy started work on a bill that would help end segregation in education. It would also prohibit segregation in public accommodations and discrimination in employment. Kennedy would not live to see this bill pass. Instead, it became law during Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration

Voting Rights Act of 1965:  prohibited states and local governments from passing laws that discriminated against voters based on their race. Literacy tests and other barriers to voting that had kept ethnic minorities from the polls were outlawed. 

What was the Black Power movement? U12 L3 S2 

Black Power is “a call for black people in this country to unite, to recognize their heritage, to build a sense of community. It is a call for black people to define their own goals, to lead their own organizations."

How were the approaches of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X different? U12 L3 S3 & 5

Rejecting the nonviolent strategy of many other civil rights activists,  Malcolm X believed in liberation "by any means necessary," including violence and self-defense.

Martin Luther King, Jr believed in peace and nonviolence. 

Vietnam

What is the reason the United States sent troops to Vietnam? U14 L2 S2

 The U.S. sent advisers to help train the South Vietnamese army and support Diem against communist North Vietnam.

What happened in 1964 as a result of the reinstated military drafts? U14 L2 S3   

In early August 1964, reports came in that North Vietnamese forces had fired on two U.S. ships near the coast of North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin.

What is considered the turning point because public opinion in the United States turned against the war in the Vietnam War? U14 L2 S5

North Vietnamese forces suffered far more casualties than did those of the United States. However, public opinion in the United States turned against the war. Americans’ opinions were mainly fueled by graphic images provided in unprecedented media coverage. Disastrous surprise attacks like the Tet Offensive persuaded many that the war would not be over soon. Doubts arose about whether Johnson’s administration was telling the truth about the real state of the conflict.

In 1968 during the Vietnam War, American soldiers carried out a mass murder of civilians, including women and children. This horrified many Americans and confirmed their belief that the war was unjust. What was the name of this event? U14 L2 S5

 My Lai massacre

How did the counterculture of the late 1960s and 1970s influence the U.S. views of the Vietnam War? U14 L2 S7

People were able to show their dissatisfaction with the war in Vietnam.

This caused more distrust in the military and in the government.

The Supreme Court ruled that students have a right to free speech in schools.

The Twenty-Sixth Amendment was ratified, lowering the voting age from 21 to 18.

What was the final result of the Vietnam War? U14 L2 S9

 The final result of the Vietnam War is that after most U.S. troops left the country, North Vietnamese forces conquered South Vietnam and unified the country under communism. 

Presidencies of the 1960s - 1970s

What was the primary reason for the United States' involvement in the Bay of Pigs invasion? U12 L4 S5

In 1962, the Soviet Union sent troops and warships to Cuba to help strengthen the island’s defenses against U.S. aggression. On October 14, U.S. spy planes confirmed the presence of long-range ballistic missile sites in Cuba.

Which of the following accurately describes the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis? U12 L4 S5

To everyone’s relief, war was averted when the Soviets agreed to remove their missiles in exchange for a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba. The United States also agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey.

How did the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis contribute to the overall dynamics of the Cold War?
U12 L4 S5

For the next 13 days, the world remained on the brink of nuclear conflict. 

Which event occurred on November 22, 1963, and had a lasting impact on American society and politics? U12 L4 S6

The next day, as Kennedy’s motorcade made its way through Dealey Plaza in the heart of Dallas, shots rang out. President Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, along with Texas governor John Connally and his wife, Nellie, were riding in a convertible limousine with the top down. Connally was hit in the chest, but he survived. One of the bullets struck President Kennedy in the head. He was rushed to Parkland Hospital where he was pronounced dead.

Which of President Lyndon B. Johnsons’ initiatives were created to provide healthcare for the elderly? U12 L4 S8

 the Social Security Act of 1965. The act created Medicare, a program to pay the medical expenses of people older than 65.

What were key components of President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty? U12 L4 S8

The centerpiece of Johnson’s Great Society was his War on Poverty, dedicated to eliminating poverty in the United States.

What policies did each of the following presidents establish?

Johnson: Johnson pushed Congress to pass the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

Nixon: OSHA. 

What were important foreign policy achievements for Richard Nixon? U14 L1 S5

President Nixon preferred bold and dramatic actions in foreign policy. He realized that five major economic powers—the United States, Western Europe, the Soviet Union, China, and Japan—dominated world affairs. Nixon looked for opportunities for the United States to pit the other nations against each other. In 1969, he announced a new Cold War principle that became known as the Nixon Doctrine. According to this doctrine, the United States would continue to assist its allies. However, it would not assume the responsibility of defending the entire noncommunist world. Nixon wanted other nations, like Japan, to assume more of the burden of defending themselves.

Describe the Watergate Scandal? U14 L1 S6-7

During the 1972 presidential campaign, members of the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CRP) decided to play “dirty tricks.” They spied on President Nixon’s opponents. Such actions gained the committee the nickname “CREEP.” CRP’s most notorious operation was a break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) in the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. The political scandal that resulted was known simply as Watergate.

SOCIAL CHANGE

How did the roles of women change during the 1950s and the 1960s? U12 L5 S2

 40 percent of women with young children and half of women with older children sought at least part-time employment during the 1950s.

The protest movements of the 1960s inspired many white and middle-class women to create their own organized movement for greater rights and power. Many were older married women who found the traditional roles of housewife and mother unfulfilling.

Which of the following were major goals of the women’s movement in the late 1960s and 1970s? U12 L5 S3

he key goal was to make possible women’s participation in all aspects of American life and to gain for them all the rights enjoyed by men. Among other specific goals was the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, which has yet to be ratified.

What caused the 26th amendment (lowering the voting age from 21 to 18) to pass? U14 L2 S7

The vietnam war, and young peoples anti-war beliefs. 

What were the successes and limitations of the Environmental Movement?

Successes: The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, which Congress passed in 1968, established protection for rivers that possess “outstandingly remarkable qualities.”

• In 1970, President Richard Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). That same year, the United States celebrated Earth Day for the first time, and Congress passed the Clean Air Act, which focused on preventing air pollution.

• In 1972, Congress passed the Clean Water Act. It aimed at restoring and maintaining the health of U.S. rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. That same year, the United States severely restricted use of DDT, a pesticide that has toxic effects on birds, fishes, and other animals.

• In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act with the goal of preventing the extinction of animals in the United States.

Limitations: In 1979, a nuclear plant at Three Mile Island experienced a disaster when one of its reactors partially melted down and radioactive gases escaped.

What was the significance of the Stonewall uprising in the LGBTQ+ rights movement? U14 L4 S5

The Stonewall Uprising, as the event came to be known, represents the start of the Gay Liberation Movement.

What were the reasons for the rise of an American counterculture in the 1960s? U14 L4 S6

They opposed the war in Vietnam. They also challenged traditional social patterns. Hippies tried to live and work “outside the system”—for example, publishing underground newspapers or shopping at co-ops. During the early 1970s, some hippies lived together in communes. Communes were group living environments that emphasized sharing resources and living simply

What impact did Roe v. Wade Supreme Court case have on women's rights and reproductive health? U14 L5 S2

In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Roe v. Wade that state laws unduly restricting abortion violate a woman’s right to privacy. This landmark decision was controversial. The ruling led to decades of heated public discussion over the issues and ongoing legal challenges by those who believed abortion to be morally wrong.

How did the Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) help the Latino community? U14 L5 S4

The EEOA prohibited segregation based on race, color, or national origin. The act established that non-English-speaking students have a right to instruction in a language they understand. This meant that schools were required to offer bilingual education.

What was one of the main goals of the American Indian Movement (AIM)? U14 L5 S6

In 1968, a group of Native American activists brought together 200 people in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to form the American Indian Movement (AIM). The organizers were frustrated by decades of poverty and discrimination.

What were the goals of the American Indian protestors on the Trail of Broken Treaties (Siege at Wounded Knee)?
U14 L5 S7 

• improved housing, education, and economic opportunities in Indian communities

• drafting of new treaties

• return of Indian lands

• protections for native religions and culture