Adhesion - the attraction between different types of molecules. It occurs when molecules of one substance interact with molecules of another substance.

Amine Group - a functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more hydrogen atoms. It is one of the main components of amino acids.

Calorie - a unit of measurement for energy, specifically the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

Capillary Action - the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces against gravity due to the intermolecular forces of adhesion and cohesion.

1. Carboxyl Group - is part of an amino acid, a functional group -COOH

2. Cohesion - the attraction between molecules of the same substance, which helps them stick together.

3. Covalent Bond - a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms.

4. Dehydration Synthesis - a chemical reaction where two molecules are joined together with the removal of a water molecule.

5. Evaporation - the process where liquid water turns into water vapor due to the addition of heat energy.

6. Heat of Fusion - the amount of energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point.

7. Heat of Vaporization - the amount of energy required to convert a liquid into a gas at its boiling point.

8. Hydrogen Bond - a weak to moderate attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

9. Hydrolysis - a chemical reaction in which water breaks bonds between molecules, splitting them into smaller units.

10. Hydroxide Ion - (OH⁻) is a negatively charged ion made up of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom.

11. Monomer - a small molecule that can bond with other similar molecules to form a polymer.

12. Polar Covalent Bond - a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, creating a molecule with partial positive and negative charges.

13. Polarity - the distribution of electrical charges over the atoms joined by a bond. Polar molecules have regions of partial positive and negative charges.

14. Polymer - a large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers.

15. Primary Structure - the unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, held together by peptide bonds.

16. Quaternary Structure - the overall three-dimensional structure of a protein composed of multiple polypeptide chains or subunits, held together by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, disulfide bridges.

17. Saturated Fat - fatty acids where all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds, leading to a straight chain that can pack tightly together that make them solid at room temperature.

18. Secondary Structure - local folding patterns like alpha helices and beta sheets, stabilized by hydrogen bonds in proteins

19. Solute - a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.

20. Specific Heat Capacity - the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

21. Sphere of Hydration - a shell of water molecules surrounding an ion or polar molecule when it is dissolved in water.

22. Surface Tension - the cohesive force at the surface of a liquid that makes it behave like an elastic sheet.

23. Tertiary Structure - the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, formed by interactions among secondary structural elements.

24. Unsaturated Fat - Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chains, which causes kinks that prevent tight packing.