Unit-II

Theories and Principles in Technology-Driven Lessons

• Desired Learning Outcome

  • Explain different theories and principles in technology use.

  • Discuss systematic teaching approaches.

  • Incorporate theories and Bloom’s Taxonomy in unit plans.

  • Explain Dale’s Cone of Experience.

  • Identify technology types in education.

  • Understand evaluating technology and instructional materials.

  • Discuss authentic assessment.

Major Learning Theories

• Cognitivism

  • Learning is cognitive, emotional, and environmental.

  • Emphasizes how people process information and prior knowledge.

• Constructivism

  • Learning is active; knowledge is constructed through experience.

  • Social interaction is key in knowledge building.

• Behaviorism

  • Focuses on observable behaviors as a measure of learning.

Systematic Approach to Teaching

• Fosters structured teaching methods aligning goals, curricula, and assessments.

• Incorporates various instructional strategies and evaluation methods.

Bloom’s Taxonomy

• Framework for educational objectives; categorized into cognitive domains:

  1. Knowledge

  2. Comprehension

  3. Application

  4. Analysis

  5. Synthesis

  6. Evaluation

• Revised taxonomy includes knowledge dimension and cognitive process dimension.

Dale’s Cone of Experience

• Visual representation of experiences and retention rates:

  • 10% of what read, 20% of what heard, etc.

  • Emphasizes the importance of direct, purposeful experiences.

Roles of Technology in Education

• Traditional View: Technology as a teacher delivering knowledge.

• Constructivist View: Technology as a tool for active, collaborative learning.

• Uses technology for personalized, project-based, and inquiry-based learning.

Inquiry-Based Learning

• Encourages students to actively engage and take responsibility for their learning.

• Develops critical thinking through questioning, and hands-on activities.

Project-Based Learning

• Involves students in complex questions, requiring collaboration.

• Results in interdisciplinary projects with real-world implications.

Evaluating Technology and Instructional Materials

• Assessment: Systematic process to gauge knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

• Evaluation: Focuses on measuring outcomes and the effectiveness of instruction.

• Both require criteria and evidence for assessment effectiveness.

Authentic Assessment

• Measures the application of skills in real-life contexts.

• Encourages critical thinking and practical problem-solving.

• Example formats include performance tasks, portfolios, and observations.

Types of Educational Technology

• Includes media, machines, hardware, and applications for learning.

• Covers synchronous/asynchronous learning models and various learning environments.

• Embraces approaches to foster collaboration and communication in learning.