AP gov

Things i did not know on quizizz

• Power to tax is concurrent 

Devolution 

-the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by the central government to local or regional administration.

Creative federalism 

-fed gov knows the needs of the country and told the states what to do 

Majority of grants given out are categorical grants 

Competitive grant

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Reserved powers given to state in 10th amendment

McCulloch v Maryland upholds and strengthens the supremacy and necessary and proper clause 

Did Congress have the authority to establish a national bank, and could a state tax that bank?

Wickard vs filburn and gonzales v raich are similar (reasoning wise)

Gonzales v raich (marijuana) 

Wickard vs filburn 

• Roscoe Filburn, a farmer in Ohio, grew wheat for personal use, beyond the amount allowed by federal regulations under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938. The law aimed to control wheat production to stabilize prices, but Filburn argued that the law shouldn't apply to him since he was growing wheat for his own consumption, not for sale.

• The Supreme Court ruled against Filburn. The Court said that even though Filburn's wheat production was for personal use and never entered interstate commerce, it still affected the overall wheat market. By growing wheat for his own use, he reduced the amount he would need to buy, thus influencing the national market.

• This decision expanded the interpretation of the Commerce Clause, allowing the federal government to regulate even activities that seem local or personal, as long as they have a substantial effect on interstate commerce.

The Court's ruling in Wickard v. Filburn significantly broadened the scope of federal regulatory power over economic activities, even if those activities do not directly involve interstate commerce.

South dakota v dole 

-The federal government passed a law that required states to raise the legal drinking age to 21 or face a reduction in federal highway funds. South Dakota, where the legal drinking age was 19, argued that this law was unconstitutional and that the federal government was overstepping its authority.

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the federal government, stating that Congress could attach conditions to federal funding as long as the conditions were clear, related to a national interest (like highway safety), and did not violate the Constitution. The Court decided that the drinking age law was a reasonable use of Congress's spending power.

The ruling in South Dakota v. Dole confirmed that the federal government can use financial incentives to encourage states to adopt certain policies, as long as the conditions are related to national goals and are not coercive.

Us v lopez  (guns in school)  Did Congress have the authority to pass the Gun-Free School Zones Act under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution?

Revenue sharing is no longer legal 

Welfare reform act act used a block grant 

Federalists- wanted to ratify constitution

Anti federalists- wanted bill of rights 

Gibbons v ogden 

• The case involved two men, Thomas Gibbons and Aaron Ogden, who had competing steamboat businesses. Ogden had a monopoly license from New York state to operate steamboats in its waters, while Gibbons had a federal license to operate steamboats between states. Ogden sued Gibbons, arguing that his state-granted monopoly should take precedence.

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Gibbons, stating that the federal government, not individual states, has the power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court interpreted the Commerce Clause of the Constitution broadly, meaning that Congress could regulate any commercial activity that crosses state lines.

Key Takeaway:

Gibbons v. Ogden strengthened federal power over interstate commerce and limited the ability of states to interfere with businesses that operated across state lines.

Categorical Grants are specific and have strict rules.

Block Grants offer more flexibility in spending.

Revenue Sharing used to be common but is now rare.

Formula Grants are based on a predetermined formula, like population.

Project Grants are competitive and project-based.

Entitlement Grants provide direct financial assistance to individuals.

Dual Federalism (layer cake) emphasizes separation of powers, with clear boundaries between state and federal roles.

Cooperative Federalism (marble cake) encourages collaboration and shared responsibilities between national and state governments.

Creative Federalism saw a more involved national government pushing for social change and funding programs at the state level.

New Federalism aimed to reduce the federal government’s control and give states more power and autonomy.

Picket Fence Federalism is focused on collaboration across different levels of government for specific policy areas.

• Civil Rights Act (1964): This landmark legislation outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It aimed to end segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination.

• Controlled Substances Act (1970): This law classified drugs into schedules based on their potential for abuse and medical use. It regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of narcotics and other drugs.

• Clean Air Act (1970): A critical environmental law that aimed to control air pollution by regulating emissions from stationary and mobile sources. It set air quality standards and provided enforcement mechanisms to reduce pollution.

• Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965): A federal law designed to improve educational opportunities for low-income students. It provided funding for schools and emphasized standardized testing and accountability for educational outcomes.

• Clean Water Act (1972): This law regulates water pollution, aiming to restore and maintain the integrity of the nation's waters. It set standards for water quality and wastewater treatment.

• No Child Left Behind (2002): A reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, focusing on increasing accountability in schools through standardized testing, teacher qualifications, and public school choice.

• Endangered Species Act (1973): This law provides a framework for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals. It restricts actions that could harm species and their habitats.

• Every Student Succeeds Act (2015): Replacing No Child Left Behind, this law gives states more control over education standards while maintaining accountability. It focuses on reducing the achievement gap and ensuring equal educational opportunities.

• Americans with Disabilities Act (1990): This civil rights law prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all public areas, including employment, education, and transportation. It mandates accessibility in public facilities and services.

• Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (Welfare Reform Act): This law overhauled the U.S. welfare system, reducing federal assistance, creating work requirements for recipients, and promoting self-sufficiency through job training programs.