• Review

Refers to an essay analyzing a literary or artistic work, but can also sometimes imply a more casual or personal opinion.

• Critique

Is a somewhat formal word that typically refers to a careful judgment in which someone gives an opinion about something.

• Introduction

In which gives you the main details; Title, kind of the book, writer, publishing house, publishing dates.

• Body

This is the analysis and evaluation part of the review or critique paper. It focuses on the plot and characters.

• Conclusion

A judgment or decision reached by reasoning. Which can contain a positive/negative opinion justified by a comment on, opinion of the characters, story, ending, and plot. Opinion of the book with a justification.

Two Main Types of Book Reviews

1. Descriptive Reviews

Descriptive reviews are book reviews that objectively describe a book. They tell

about the events and purpose of the book and include key elements and details. Descriptive reviews may tell who the intended audience is and the overall reading level of the book.

2. Critical Reviews

Critical reviews describe and evaluate the book. They provide an analysis of the book and use text evidence to support that analysis. A critical review makes a statement about what the author was trying to say. It assesses if and how the author made that statement. Supporting evidence from the text is very important in this type of book review.

• Lead

It is an opening paragraph that gives the audience the most important information of the news story concisely and clearly, while still maintaining the readers’ interest.

• Implementation

The process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution.

• Rationale

The reasons or intentions that cause a particular action or decision.

• Controversial

Causing disagreement or discussion

• Argument

In academic writing, an argument is usually a main idea, often called a “claim” or “thesis statement,” backed up with evidence that supports the idea.

• Counter-argument

A counter argument involves acknowledging standpoints against your argument and re-affirming your argument. This is typically done by stating the opposing side’s argument, and then ultimately presenting your argument as the most logical solution.

Parts of Project Proposal

1. Cover Letter

i.  Introduce the proposal to the reader.

ii. States the project proposal title, date the proposal was requested (if solicited), general purpose and scope of the proposal, and acknowledgment of people who have contributed to the completion of the proposal.

iii. Includes the highlights of the proposal and directs the readers to these highlights

2. Title Page

i. Includes the project title that is concise and informative

ii. Includes the lead organization, place and date of project, client’s or donor’s name, proponent’s name and the department or organization he/she represents, and date of submission

3. Abstract or Executive Summary

i. Includes the objectives, implementing organization, major project points, and total project cost

ii. Usually composed of 200 to 250 words and highlights only the major points; some abstracts may be longer depending on the culture of the funding agency

iii. Uses a paragraph format

4. Context of the Proposal

i. Describes the socio-economic, cultural and political background in which the proposal is situated

ii. Presents data collected from other sources that are relevant to the planning stage

5. Project Justification

i. Provides rationale for the project

ii. Includes a problem statement that specifies the problem addressed by the project

iii. Points out why the problem is an issue that requires immediate attention

iv.Specifies the target group’s needs that arise from the adverse effect of the described problem

v. Presents the approach or strategy that will be used to address the problem

vi. Describes the capability of the implementing organization or group by stating its track record

Note: When writing this section, justify why your organization or group is the best group to implement the project.

6. Personnel Involved

i. Lists the people involved in the project, their corresponding roles, and their summary of qualifications

7. Project Implementation

i. is divided into an activity plan which specifies the schedule of activities and a resource plan which specifies the items needed to implement the project

ii. Describes the activities and resource allocation in detail, as well as the person in charge of executing the activities

iii. Indicates the time and place of activities

8. Budget

i. Presents the expected income and expenses over a specific time period

Itemizes the budget

9. Monitoring and Evaluation

i. Specifies when and how the team will monitor the progress of the project

ii. Specifies the method for monitoring and evaluation

iii. Specifies the personnel in charge of monitoring and evaluation

10. Reporting Scheme

i. Specifies the schedule for reporting the finances and progress of the project

11. Conclusion

i. Briefly describes the project, the problem it addresses, and its benefits to all stakeholders through a summary

ii. Directs the readers back to the good features of the project

iii. Urges the readers to contact the proponent to work out the details of the project proposal

12. References

i. Lists all the references used in drafting the project proposal using the format required by the funding agency