Ch. 18.1 - Roosevelt Takes Office 

Define: 

1. New Deal – Roosevelt's policies for ending the depression 

2. Polio – a paralyzing disease 

3. Gold standard – a system where 1 ounce of gold was equal to a set amount of dollars 

4. Bank holiday – closing remaining banks before bank runs could put them out of business 

Answer: 

1. What events in Roosevelt’s life shaped his ideas and character? 

Events in Roosevelt’s life that shaped his ideas and character was being in the NY senate, assistant secretary to the navy, and became the governor of New York. 

2. What was the nation’s condition when Roosevelt took office? 

The nation’s condition when Roosevelt took office was that it was going through the great depression. 

Ch. 18.2

Define: 

1. Hundred days - where congress passed 15 major acts to meet economic crisis within 100 days 

2. Fireside chats – direct talks where Roosevelt talked with the people and let them know what they were going to accomplish 

3. SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) – regulation of the stock market and prevent fraud 

4. FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) – provided government insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount 

5. AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration) - farming program that paid farmers not to raise certain crops  

6. CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) - relief program that offered men ages from 18-25 the opportunity to work for the national forestry service 

Answer:   

1. What ideas did Roosevelt’s advisors support? 

The ideas that Roosevelt’s advisors supported were progressive ideas. 

2. How did the government restore confidence in the banking system again? 

The government restored confidence in the banking system again by ordering banks to set up a system to measure the health of the banking system. 

3. What were the provisions of the AAA and the NIRA? 

The provisions for the AAA and the NIRA were NIRA setting prices, establishing minimum wages, and shortening work hours. The AAA reduced the agricultural surplus and raised prices for farmers who were struggling. 

4. What New Deal programs helped farmers and homeowners? 

New Deal programs that helped farmers and homeowners were the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and the homeowners loan association. 

5. What three New Deal programs provided relief to the unemployed? 

The three New Deal programs that provided relief to the unemployed were the social security act, federal emergency relief administration, and the resettlement act. 

Ch.18.3 - The Second New Deal  

Define: 

1. Deficit spending – borrowing money to pay for government programs 

2. American Liberty League – opposed the new deal; business leaders and anti-new deal politicians from both parties 

3. WPA (Work progress administration) – created jobs throughout the economy 

4. NLRB (National Labor Relations Board) – organized the selections in factories by secret ballot to see if workers wanted a union 

5. Binding arbitration – neutral party used to listen to both sides and decide issues 

6. Sit-down strike – where workers would sit down and stop working and refuse to leave 

7. Social Security Act – provided security for the elderly and unemployed workers 

Answer: 

1. What groups of people challenged Roosevelt and the New Deal? What concerns did they have? 

Groups of people that challenged Roosevelt and the New Deal were The American Liberty League and Huey Long. They were concerned that it was headed toward socialism, bankruptcy, and dictatorship. 

2. How did the Supreme Court’s ruling in Schechter v. United States affect the New Deal? 

The Supreme Court’s ruling in Schechter v. United States declared NIRA unconstitutional and Roosevelt feared the rest of the New Deal would be struck down. 

3. What provisions did the NLRA establish? 

Provisions that the NLRA established were arbitrated deadlocked labor-management disputes, guaranteed democratic union elections, and penalize unfair labor practices by employers. 

4. How did the Social Securities Act protect workers? 

The Social Securities Act protected workers by giving them the right to receive benefits. 

Ch.18.4 - The New Deal Coalition  

Define: 

1. Frances Perkins – first woman appointed to cabinet post as secretary of labor; assigned women to lower-level jobs in the federal bureaucracy  

2. Court-packing – Roosevelt's first mistake politically as president 

3. Henry Morgenthau – treasury secretary who favored balancing the budget and cutting spending 

4. John Maynard Keynes – published a book that discussed the causes of recessions 

5. Broker state – working out conflicts among diff interests 

6. Safety net – safeguard and relief programs that protect against economic disasters 

Answer: 

1. What events weakened Roosevelt’s reputation in 1937? 

The events that weakened Roosevelt’s reputation in 1937 were the economic recession of 1937 and 1938. 

2. What groups did Roosevelt’s last New Deal programs try to help? 

Groups Roosevelt’s last New Deal programs tried to help were poor tenant farmers. 

3. What was the legacy of Roosevelt’s New Deal? 

The legacy of Roosevelt’s New Deal was people believing the government must protect the economy.