Medical Study Guide

Hematology & Blood Disorders

• Hematuria: Blood in urine.

• Chronicity: Indicates a long-lasting condition.

• Causes of Blood in Urine:

  • Blunt trauma

  • Catheterization

  • Immune-driven conditions

  • Septicemia (blood infection)

  • Clotting disorders

Antibiogram & Antibiotic Resistance

• Antibiogram: Report on antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria.

• Common Pathogens & Antibiotic Resistance:

  • Streptococcus species: Resistant (R) or Susceptible (S) to certain antibiotics.

  • Staphylococcus species

• Interpretation:

  • R (Resistant): Bacteria not killed by the antibiotic.

  • S (Susceptible): Antibiotic is effective.

Gastrointestinal & Hemorrhagic Conditions

• Nausea & Related Symptoms:

  • UGI Bleed: Bleeding from upper digestive tract.

  • Hematemesis: Vomiting blood.

  • Melena: Black, tarry stools from digested blood.

Intracranial Pressure (ICP) & Neurological Issues

• ICP Management:

  • High ICP can be life-threatening; symptoms include headache, nausea, and altered mental status.

Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding & Rectal Conditions

• LGIB: Bleeding from the lower digestive tract.

• Rectal Issues: Conditions like rectal ulcers, hemorrhoids, or colorectal disease.

Simplifying Complex Concepts

• Clarity: Use simple language and break down ideas.

• Visuals: Incorporate diagrams and charts.

• Examples: Provide real-world examples.

• Summarization: Summarize key points after explanations.

• Engagement: Ask questions to check comprehension.