Invention - a shift from having to say something to having something to say

• Derived from Latin: “invenire” = “to find”

1. Definition: the art of finding & developing materials; the ability to discover ideas

2. Systematic/Formal:

   • Journalist questions: who, what, when, where, why

   • Mode of developments: definition, cause/effect, process analysis, compare/contrast, etc.

3. Intuitive:

   • Free writing, journaling, brainstorming, reading, discussion

Arrangement - putting things together for rhetorical effect

1. Organization

2. Selecting evidence & ordering it with purpose

3. Genre, method of developments, functional parts (thesis, background information, evidence, etc.)

4. Argument Structure (4 parts):

   • Assertion (“I believe…”)

   • Concession (“Others may think…”)

   • Evidence/Rebuttal (“However, I’m right because…”)

   • Conclusion (“Therefore… agree with me”)

5. Aristotle’s Classical Arrangement:

   • Exordium (Introduction)

   • Narration (Background information/context)

   • Partition (Outlines & defines the scope of the argument)

   • Confirmation (Offers evidence; body of the argument)

   • Refutation (Counter-arguments)

   • Peroration (Conclusion)

Style - how things are presented

1. All writings have style; good style depends on the situation.

2. Figurative language, diction, punctuation/grammar, formality levels, syntax, allusion, etc.

Memory - cultural literacy; what you know/can access

1. Aristotle’s time: Memorizing/learning elaborate mnemonics

2. Modern time: How text looks on a page

   • Delivery of our text:

     • Font size/style, use of white space, insertion of visuals, layout (columns/bullets/boxes/etc.), hypertext links, italics/bold/dashes/etc.

   1. Mr. Quiggle’s Delivery Requirements:

      • Use student ID number (rather than names)

      • Only write on 1 side of the paper

      • 1-inch margins on all sides

      • Don’t skip lines

      • Blue/black pen

      • Write large enough so your words can be read

      • Standard use of letter height

      • Write neat enough so your words can be read