Psych Lesson 1
Psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Objective Introspection: Reactions to objects and descriptions of immediate experience.
Voluntarism: Active control by intention and motives.
Structuralism: The idea that experiences could be broken up into pieces (sensations and emotions).
Functionalism: Idea that mind allows function in the real world. Those survival-aiding behaviors are passed down through generations.
Behaviorism: Idea that psych should be a science of observable behavior
Humanistic Psychology: “Third Force”. subjective potential and human potential focus.
Cognitive Psychology: Study of mental processes
Evolutionary Psychology: Studies behavior, mental processes, and their adaptive value.
Positive Psychology: Focus on well-being, positive emotions, resilience, altruism, etc.
What is Psychology:
the scientific study of mental processes and behaviors.
can include both humans and animals
How old is the field of Psychology?
Science of “psychology” is relatively new
Study of metacognition is very old (Ancient Greek philosophers)
roots of psych are extensive
Who developed the first Psych lab?
Wilhelm Wundt in 1879
What methods did Wundt use?
Wundt used objective introspection
What areas did Wundt’s lab study?
Memory
Selective attention w/ a focus on voluntarism
Who were some of Wundt’s students?
Greenville Stanley Hall
James McKeen Cattel
Edward Titchner
Who was Titchner a student of?
Titchner was a student of Wilhelm Wundt
What did Titchner believe in?
Titchner believed in structuralism
What areas does Structuralism say experiences can be broken up into?
sensations
emotions
Who was the first woman to receive a PhD in Psychology?
Margaret F. Washburn
Who are considered the “Early Pioneers"?
William James
Max Wertheimer
Sigmund Freud
Pavlov
Watson
B.F. Skinner
Who were the “Behaviorists?”
Pavlov
Watson
B.F. Skinner
Who did William James disagree with? Why?
James disagreed with Titchner
James believed that “atoms of experience” could not be created.
Titchner’s main belief was that experiences could be broken up into pieces
What were William James’ two focuses?
The “stream of consciousness.”
Functionalism
Who studied Gestalt Psychology?
Max Wertheimer studied Gestalt psychology
What does Gestalt Psychology state?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
What was Sigmund Freud’s theory?
Psychodynamic Theory
What does Psychodynamic Theory entail?
Psychoanalysis
Role of the unconscious
Who did the “Little Albert” experiment?
Watson
What was B.F. Skinner known for?
Operant Conditioning
What is operant conditioning?
The belief that behaviors that are reinforced increase and vice versa
Why was there backlash against behaviorism?
“dehumanizing” perspective
focus on environment-shaping behavior
all “nurture”
What other branches of psych sprang up in light of the backlash against behaviorism?
humanistic psych
evolutionary psych
cognitive psych
positive psych
Psych Lesson 1
Psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Objective Introspection: Reactions to objects and descriptions of immediate experience.
Voluntarism: Active control by intention and motives.
Structuralism: The idea that experiences could be broken up into pieces (sensations and emotions).
Functionalism: Idea that mind allows function in the real world. Those survival-aiding behaviors are passed down through generations.
Behaviorism: Idea that psych should be a science of observable behavior
Humanistic Psychology: “Third Force”. subjective potential and human potential focus.
Cognitive Psychology: Study of mental processes
Evolutionary Psychology: Studies behavior, mental processes, and their adaptive value.
Positive Psychology: Focus on well-being, positive emotions, resilience, altruism, etc.
What is Psychology:
the scientific study of mental processes and behaviors.
can include both humans and animals
How old is the field of Psychology?
Science of “psychology” is relatively new
Study of metacognition is very old (Ancient Greek philosophers)
roots of psych are extensive
Who developed the first Psych lab?
Wilhelm Wundt in 1879
What methods did Wundt use?
Wundt used objective introspection
What areas did Wundt’s lab study?
Memory
Selective attention w/ a focus on voluntarism
Who were some of Wundt’s students?
Greenville Stanley Hall
James McKeen Cattel
Edward Titchner
Who was Titchner a student of?
Titchner was a student of Wilhelm Wundt
What did Titchner believe in?
Titchner believed in structuralism
What areas does Structuralism say experiences can be broken up into?
sensations
emotions
Who was the first woman to receive a PhD in Psychology?
Margaret F. Washburn
Who are considered the “Early Pioneers"?
William James
Max Wertheimer
Sigmund Freud
Pavlov
Watson
B.F. Skinner
Who were the “Behaviorists?”
Pavlov
Watson
B.F. Skinner
Who did William James disagree with? Why?
James disagreed with Titchner
James believed that “atoms of experience” could not be created.
Titchner’s main belief was that experiences could be broken up into pieces
What were William James’ two focuses?
The “stream of consciousness.”
Functionalism
Who studied Gestalt Psychology?
Max Wertheimer studied Gestalt psychology
What does Gestalt Psychology state?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
What was Sigmund Freud’s theory?
Psychodynamic Theory
What does Psychodynamic Theory entail?
Psychoanalysis
Role of the unconscious
Who did the “Little Albert” experiment?
Watson
What was B.F. Skinner known for?
Operant Conditioning
What is operant conditioning?
The belief that behaviors that are reinforced increase and vice versa
Why was there backlash against behaviorism?
“dehumanizing” perspective
focus on environment-shaping behavior
all “nurture”
What other branches of psych sprang up in light of the backlash against behaviorism?
humanistic psych
evolutionary psych
cognitive psych
positive psych
