12_Female sex behavior II
Page 1: Review
Take time to review Quiz 5 and the answers selected in the Lockdown Browser.
Page 2: Female Sex Behavior II
Topic: Additional concepts and neural correlates associated with female sex behavior.
Reference: Dr. Kinsey's work and reactions to his report are notable, highlighting societal perspectives.
Page 3: Cyclic Reproduction in Female Vertebrates
Thickness: Focus on cyclic reproduction in female vertebrates; relevant stages in the ovary.
Events in the Ovary:
Several follicles develop, leading to a single mature follicle.
Formation of the corpus luteum.
Menstrual Cycle Stages:
Follicular phase, Luteal phase, and corresponding changes in the endometrium.
Key events are timed in a typical 28-day cycle.
Page 4: Reproductive Cycle Characteristics
Copulation:
Limited vs. continuous mating behavior.
Ovulation Types:
Spontaneous vs. induced ovulation.
Corpus Luteum:
Can result in spontaneous vs. induced pseudopregnancy.
Page 5: Spontaneous Ovulation
Defined as the release of an ovum from a maturing follicle determined by endogenous stimuli (e.g., hormones).
Page 6: Induced or Reflexive Ovulation
Occurs due to exogenous stimuli (e.g., mating stimulation).
Found primarily in solitary females, ovulation occurs only in the presence of a male.
Page 7: Spontaneous Pseudopregnancy
Formation of a functional corpus luteum follows ovulation even if no pregnancy occurs.
Characterized by long reproductive cycles (greater than 2 weeks).
Page 8: Induced Pseudopregnancy
Corpus luteum formation requires additional stimulation beyond ovulation.
Characterized by short reproductive cycles (less than 1 week).
Page 9: Techniques of Vaginal Lavage
Used to assess cyclic changes in vaginal cells.
Phases Detected:
Proestrus: nucleated cells
Estrus: cornified cells
Metestrus: mixed cells
Diestrus: leukocytes
Page 10: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
Feedback Mechanisms:
Positive and negative feedback involved in hormonal regulation.
Hormones Involved:
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulating the release of estrogens and progestins from the ovary.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are key.
Page 11: Hypothalamus and LH Surge
Role of Kisspeptin:
Acts on GPR54, affects LH surges; notable sex differences in neuron clusters (more in females).
Page 12: Neural Basis of Lordosis
Overview of sensory and motor pathways leading to lordosis:
Key brain regions: Midbrain reticular formation, MPOA, VMN,
Shows integration of sensory inputs for reproductive behavior.
Page 13: Simplified Diagram of Neural Mediation
Estradiol and pathways involved in triggering lordosis response.
Identifies various brain regions and sensory pathways crucial for this behavior.
Page 14: Ventromedial Nucleus
Discusses the significance of estrogen and progesterone in mediating sexual behavior.
Importance of timing (estrogen followed by progesterone) for inducing sexual behavior in female vertebrates.
Page 15: Mechanisms of Estradiol Priming
Involves gene transcription that increases progesterone receptors in VMN.
Alters synaptic patterns and firing rates, pivotal for sexual behavior.
Page 16: Neural Mediation of Lordosis
Estrogen binds and activates gene expression critical for reproductive behavior.
Key signaling factors discussed related to female reproductive behaviors include nitric oxide synthase, opioid receptors, and prostaglandin pathways.
Page 17: Estradiol and Behavior
Rats and hamsters show estrous behaviors only after exposure to estradiol, highlighting need for hormonal priming for behavioral activation.
Page 18: Driving Female Sexual Behavior
Two crucial injections leading to sexual motivation tested through mating behaviors.
Estradiol initiates heat, progesterone supports gestation functions.
Page 19: Rodent Cycle and the Hippocampus
Discusses changes in synaptic structures and dendritic spine density across different reproductive phases.
Page 20: Neural Basis of Sexual Motivation
Investigation into mechanisms that underlie sexual motivation across genders.
Page 21: Human Sexual Response Cycle
Four stages outlined: Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, Resolution.
Page 22: Human Cycle and Sexual Activity
Graphical representation correlating sexual desire with days from LH surge, illustrating the pattern of desire fluctuations.
Page 23: Attractiveness and Menstrual Cycle
Insights on visual attractiveness fluctuations across menstrual phases; prompts to assess differences in presented images.
Page 24: Neural Basis for Sexual Motivation
Amygdala and hypothalamus activation levels differ between men and women when exposed to sexual stimuli, emphasizing sex-based neural mechanisms.
Page 25: Hormonal Contraception and Libido
Impact of hormonal contraception on ovulation and libido; introduces insights on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).
Page 26: Homework
Read assigned paper on female sexual behavior and review for upcoming quiz covering this content.
Chapters on male and female sexual behavior noted for study focus.
Page 27: Coming Up
Anticipation of future topics and content to be covered.