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2/29 earthquakes vocab
Forces in the Earth & Earthquake Vocabulary
Be sure you know the definitions to the following words. You will have a vocabulary quiz before your content exam on earthquakes.
Stress- A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
Tension-2 plates pulling apart. Becomes thinner in the middle
Compression-squeezing of rocks, I plate pushing against another. Stress force squeezes the rock until it folds or breaks
Shearing- Pushes 2 rocks in opposite directions. Slip past each other
Normal Fault- Caused by Tension, Pulling apart of 2 rocks, Divergent Plates
Reverse Fault-Compression causes rock to push together resulting in blocks to move in the reverse direction of a normal fault
Strike and Slip fault- Sharing forces of 2 rocks slipping past eachother sideways (lateral movement), with little up or down motion
Thrust Fault-Caused by major compressional forces pushing the hanging wall completely on top of the footwall
Hanging Wall- sits over the footwall. When movement occurs along the fault, it slips downward
Footwall- moves down, The rock below the fault zone
Rift Valley- 2 normal faults occur in the same area
Fault-block mountains- When 2 reverse faults cut through a block of rock, fault movement may push up a
Plateau- Large flat of flat land elevated high above sea level -
Mountains- Format comparison sites (convergent boundaries) when continental plates collide and fold.
Anticline- A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch
Syncline- A fold in the rock that bends downward to form a V-shape (occurs at thrust or reverse faults-folded mountains)
Earthquake- is the vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of energy; sudden movement of earth's crust
Epicenter- Location on earth's surface directly above focus
Focus- (aka hypocenter) the point underground where the release of stress is located
Aftershock- an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area.
Liquefactication- earthquake's violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into a liquid-like slurry.
Seismic waves- carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus
P wave- compress and expand the ground
S wave- can vibrate the ground from side to side
L wave- can make the ground roll like ocean waves
Deformation- any process that affects the shape, size, or volume of an area of the Earth's crust
Richter scale- Rating an earthquakes magnitude based upon the size of the earthquake seismic waves (1-10)
Modified Mercalli scale- Rates earthquakes according to the level of damage at a given scale
Moment Magnitude scale- Rate the total energy an earthquake releases seismographs and other sources
Seismograph- instrument that records and measures an earthquakes seismic waves
Ring of fire- Many of the world’s earthquakes are of geologic activity called the
Tsunami- Large bodies of water displaced by an underwater earthquake releasing energy into the water
2/29 earthquakes vocab
Forces in the Earth & Earthquake Vocabulary
Be sure you know the definitions to the following words. You will have a vocabulary quiz before your content exam on earthquakes.
Stress- A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
Tension-2 plates pulling apart. Becomes thinner in the middle
Compression-squeezing of rocks, I plate pushing against another. Stress force squeezes the rock until it folds or breaks
Shearing- Pushes 2 rocks in opposite directions. Slip past each other
Normal Fault- Caused by Tension, Pulling apart of 2 rocks, Divergent Plates
Reverse Fault-Compression causes rock to push together resulting in blocks to move in the reverse direction of a normal fault
Strike and Slip fault- Sharing forces of 2 rocks slipping past eachother sideways (lateral movement), with little up or down motion
Thrust Fault-Caused by major compressional forces pushing the hanging wall completely on top of the footwall
Hanging Wall- sits over the footwall. When movement occurs along the fault, it slips downward
Footwall- moves down, The rock below the fault zone
Rift Valley- 2 normal faults occur in the same area
Fault-block mountains- When 2 reverse faults cut through a block of rock, fault movement may push up a
Plateau- Large flat of flat land elevated high above sea level -
Mountains- Format comparison sites (convergent boundaries) when continental plates collide and fold.
Anticline- A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch
Syncline- A fold in the rock that bends downward to form a V-shape (occurs at thrust or reverse faults-folded mountains)
Earthquake- is the vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of energy; sudden movement of earth's crust
Epicenter- Location on earth's surface directly above focus
Focus- (aka hypocenter) the point underground where the release of stress is located
Aftershock- an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area.
Liquefactication- earthquake's violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into a liquid-like slurry.
Seismic waves- carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus
P wave- compress and expand the ground
S wave- can vibrate the ground from side to side
L wave- can make the ground roll like ocean waves
Deformation- any process that affects the shape, size, or volume of an area of the Earth's crust
Richter scale- Rating an earthquakes magnitude based upon the size of the earthquake seismic waves (1-10)
Modified Mercalli scale- Rates earthquakes according to the level of damage at a given scale
Moment Magnitude scale- Rate the total energy an earthquake releases seismographs and other sources
Seismograph- instrument that records and measures an earthquakes seismic waves
Ring of fire- Many of the world’s earthquakes are of geologic activity called the
Tsunami- Large bodies of water displaced by an underwater earthquake releasing energy into the water
