1. What is metabolism? 

2. Describe the differences between bond forming and bond breaking reactions. Name these reactions and provide an example of each.

3. Differentiate exergonic and endergonic reactions.

4. What is a catalyst?

5. What is activation energy?

6. On the graph, label the location of the reactants, products, and activation energy. Which line represents the reaction WITH the enzyme, how do you know? Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic, how do you know?

7. Label this figure with the enzyme, substrate, product, and active site. Is this reaction catabolic or anabolic, how do you know?

8. What is meant by induced fit? How is it shown in this figure?

9. Explain how the following factors influence enzyme activity:

• initial concentration of substrate

• enzyme concentration

• pH

• temperature

10. Distinguish between cofactors and coenzymes. Give examples of each.

11. Compare and contrast competitive inhibitors and noncompetitive inhibitors. Label each type of inhibitor in this figure.

Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration

12. What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?  

13. What is ATP? Label the ATP molecule and describe how it stores and releases energy. 

14. Give the formula (with names) for the catabolic degradation of glucose by cellular respiration. 

15. What are the three main metabolic stages of cellular respiration? What is the basic function of each stage?

16. What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration? 

17. Explain the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration.  

18. Describe the two types of fermentation, where they occur, and their products. 

19. Understanding the overall map of how cellular respiration works will make the details easier to learn. Label the missing information in the figure below. 

Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration… continued

20. Why is glycolysis an appropriate term for the first step of cellular respiration? 

21. Notice that glycolysis occurs in the ____________________ of the cell. What is the relationship concerning glycolysis and oxygen?  

22. The figure to the right shows the Kreb’s cycle. What is the purpose of the krebs cycle? What by-product is released here?   

23. What are the two electron carrier molecules that feed electrons into the electron transport system? 

24. Using the figure below, explain the overall concept of how ATP

 synthase uses the flow of hydrogen ions to produce ATP. 

Chapter 8: Photosynthesis

25. As a review, define the terms autotroph and heterotroph. Keep in mind that plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts and do both cellular respiration and photosynthesis! 

26. Draw a picture of the chloroplast and label the stroma, thylakoid, thylakoid space, grana, inner membrane, and outer membrane. 

27. Use both chemical symbols and words to write out the formula for photosynthesis. **The formula is the opposite of cellular respiration. 

28. What are the two main metabolic stages of photosynthesis? What is the basic function of each stage?

29. The details of photosynthesis will be easier to organize if you can visualize the overall process.  Label the figure to the right. 

30. The light dependent reactions are the first of two stages in photosynthesis. 

    1. Why  are they called the dependent reactions? 

    2. What are the inputs of the light dependent reactions? 

    3. What are the outputs of the light dependent reactions? 

31. Use your knowledge of Calvin Cycle to help you answer the following summary questions:  

    1. What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle? 

    2. Is the Calvin cycle catabolic or anabolic, how do you know?

    3. The enzyme responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle, and possibly the most abundant protein on Earth, is called __________________.