Unit I_ Introduction to Practical Research 1
Page 1: Introduction
This document is prepared by Mr. Lord Ian C. Cruz, MAED, LPT and edited by Mr. Bernard S. Basuel, LPT. It provides an in-depth overview of practical research methodologies and approaches.
Page 2: Overview
Nature of Inquiry: Inquiry is the act of seeking knowledge through questioning and investigation.
Nature of Research: Research involves a systematic approach to inquiry, focusing on gathering and interpreting data.
Qualitative Research: Explores non-numerical data and experiences to derive insights.
Research Topics: Areas of inquiry include issues across various fields of knowledge.
Research Problem and Research Question: Identifies what is being studied and guides the research direction.
Page 3: Overview
Review of Related Literature: Compiles existing studies and finds a framework for the new research.
Qualitative Research Designs: Plans for conducting qualitative studies, including methodologies and frameworks.
Sampling: The process of selecting participants for research.
Data Collection: Techniques for gathering data relevant to the research questions.
Data Analysis: Interpreting collected data to draw conclusions.
Reporting and Sharing Findings: The final step in disseminating research results to appropriate audiences.
Page 4: Goals
Research Experiences: Sharing experiences enhances understanding of research processes.
Importance of Research: Research plays a pivotal role in shaping informed decisions in daily life.
Characteristics and Processes: Understanding the fundamentals of research helps in better execution.
Ethics of Research: Highlights the need for adherence to ethical standards.
Examples of Research: Demonstrates how research applies to various fields such as arts, science, and social inquiry.
Page 5: Inquiry-Based Learning
Definition of Learning: Learning is acquiring knowledge and skills through study or experience.
Definition of Inquiry: A motivational learning process aimed at exploring knowledge about various subjects.
Page 6: Kinds of Thinking
Inferential Thinking: Drawing conclusions based on evidence.
Critical Thinking: Involves reasoning and questioning to assess information.
Integrative Thinking: Combining diverse ideas for comprehensive understanding.
Creative Thinking: Generating novel ideas and approaches to problems.
Page 7-10: Scenario: Designing a Community Park
1. Critical Thinking
Objective: Ensure community needs are met.
Example: Analyze demographics for needed facilities.
Key Question: Does the plan consider accessibility and safety?
2. Creative Thinking
Objective: Innovate unique park features.
Example: Plan interactive installations or sensory gardens.
Key Question: How can the park reflect community identity?
3. Inferential Thinking
Objective: Predict usage patterns.
Example: Survery data to forecast park engagement.
Key Question: What usage trends should be anticipated?
4. Integrative Thinking
Objective: Combine stakeholder perspectives.
Example: Integrate feedback from various groups into a cohesive design.
Key Question: How to balance aesthetics and function?
Page 11-13: Activity: Launching a New Mobile App
1. Critical Thinking
Objective: Assess feasibility of the app.
Example: Evaluate competitors and unique features.
Key Question: What unique solutions does the app offer?
2. Creative Thinking
Objective: Design engaging features.
Example: Gamify tracking habits or incorporate AI insights.
Key Question: What creative elements enhance functionality?
3. Inferential Thinking
Objective: Analyze user preferences.
Example: Use data to prioritize app features.
Key Question: Which habits will users most likely track?
4. Integrative Thinking
Objective: Merge various inputs into the app design.
Example: Collaborate with team members for a balance in user experience and technical aspects.
Key Question: How to create a seamless, robust app?
Page 14-15: Problem-Solving Technique
Overview: The problem-solving process involves questioning, critical reasoning, and building on previous knowledge to generate innovative solutions based on discovered insights.
Page 16: Foundations of Inquiry
John Dewey: Promoted connected experiences and reflective thinking.
Lev Vygotsky: Introduced scaffolding for learning.
Jerome Bruner: Emphasized individual perceptions shaping learning.
Page 17: Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning
Enhances interpretative skills.
Increases vocabulary and social awareness.
Promotes collaborative skills and procedural knowledge.
Encourages higher-order thinking for a deeper understanding.
Page 18: Nature of Research
Defined as a systematic investigation aiming to discover facts and support claims.
Research and inquiry share similarities in their investigative nature through questioning.
Page 19-21: Characteristics of Research
Empirical: Based on observation.
Systematic: Follows orderly procedures.
Controlled: Maintains constant variables.
Employs Hypothesis: Tests predictions.
Analytical: Engages data analysis.
Objective: Unbiased and logical.
Original: Produces new findings.
Page 22-23: Research Processes
Define Research Problem: Clarify issues at study.
Review Literature: Familiarize with existing knowledge.
Hypothesis Formulation: Develop testing questions.
Research Design: Outline participant scope.
Data Collection: Gather necessary information.
Data Analysis: Evaluate research questions.
Interpret and Report Findings: Determine implications and communicate results.
Page 24-28: Ethics of Research
Case Study: Pharmaceutical company manipulating clinical results.
Fabrication of Data: Cooks patient data to exaggerate effectiveness.
Failure to Obtain Informed Consent: Participants unaware of risks.
Harm to Participants: Omitted reports of severe side effects.
Conflict of Interest: Financial biases of researchers compromise objectivity.
Consequences of Ethical Violations
Harm to patients leading to potential danger.
Loss of public trust affecting future research credibility.
Legal repercussions causing loss of professional credibility.
Page 29-32: Ethical Violations in Research by Students
Case Study: ABM students plagiarizing literature review.
Plagiarism: Copying without credit constitutes ethical breach.
Misrepresentation: Creates false impression of original work.
Consequences: Academic penalties and loss of integrity affecting future opportunities.
Page 33: Ethical Norms in Research
Fosters accountability and promotes responsible research practices.
Builds public awareness about research integrity and ethics.
Page 34-36: Ethical Codes and Policies for Research
Honesty: Maintain communication and authenticity of data.
Objectivity: Avoid biases in all stages of research.
Integrity: Keep commitments and ensure accurate reporting.
Confidentiality: Safeguard private information.
Social Responsibility: Strive for societal benefits while avoiding harm.
Respect for Intellectual Property: Acknowledge contributions accurately.
Page 37-41: Types of Research
Based on Application: Pure vs. Applied Research.
Based on Purpose: Descriptive, Correlational, Explanatory, and Action Research.
Based on Data Types: Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
Research Approaches: Scientific vs. Naturalistic, and Triangulation.
Page 42-49: Examples of Research Areas
Arts: Interpretations of abstract art and street art.
Humanities: Refugees in literature and cultural histories.
Sports: Athlete experiences and gender roles in sports.
Science: Public perceptions of genetic engineering and women in STEM.
Business: Challenges in entrepreneurial ventures and customer insights.
Agriculture: Climate change perceptions and women's roles in farming.
ICT: User experiences with e-learning and digital divides.
Social Inquiry: Youth activism and gentrification impacts.
Page 50: Conclusion
The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of ethico-centric principles, rigorous methodologies, and the vast scope of qualitative research.
Thank You
Thank you for listening.