Unit I_ Introduction to Practical Research 1

Page 1: Introduction

This document is prepared by Mr. Lord Ian C. Cruz, MAED, LPT and edited by Mr. Bernard S. Basuel, LPT. It provides an in-depth overview of practical research methodologies and approaches.

Page 2: Overview

• Nature of Inquiry: Inquiry is the act of seeking knowledge through questioning and investigation.

• Nature of Research: Research involves a systematic approach to inquiry, focusing on gathering and interpreting data.

• Qualitative Research: Explores non-numerical data and experiences to derive insights.

• Research Topics: Areas of inquiry include issues across various fields of knowledge.

• Research Problem and Research Question: Identifies what is being studied and guides the research direction.

Page 3: Overview

• Review of Related Literature: Compiles existing studies and finds a framework for the new research.

• Qualitative Research Designs: Plans for conducting qualitative studies, including methodologies and frameworks.

• Sampling: The process of selecting participants for research.

• Data Collection: Techniques for gathering data relevant to the research questions.

• Data Analysis: Interpreting collected data to draw conclusions.

• Reporting and Sharing Findings: The final step in disseminating research results to appropriate audiences.

Page 4: Goals

• Research Experiences: Sharing experiences enhances understanding of research processes.

• Importance of Research: Research plays a pivotal role in shaping informed decisions in daily life.

• Characteristics and Processes: Understanding the fundamentals of research helps in better execution.

• Ethics of Research: Highlights the need for adherence to ethical standards.

• Examples of Research: Demonstrates how research applies to various fields such as arts, science, and social inquiry.

Page 5: Inquiry-Based Learning

• Definition of Learning: Learning is acquiring knowledge and skills through study or experience.

• Definition of Inquiry: A motivational learning process aimed at exploring knowledge about various subjects.

Page 6: Kinds of Thinking

• Inferential Thinking: Drawing conclusions based on evidence.

• Critical Thinking: Involves reasoning and questioning to assess information.

• Integrative Thinking: Combining diverse ideas for comprehensive understanding.

• Creative Thinking: Generating novel ideas and approaches to problems.

Page 7-10: Scenario: Designing a Community Park

1. Critical Thinking

• Objective: Ensure community needs are met.

• Example: Analyze demographics for needed facilities.

• Key Question: Does the plan consider accessibility and safety?

2. Creative Thinking

• Objective: Innovate unique park features.

• Example: Plan interactive installations or sensory gardens.

• Key Question: How can the park reflect community identity?

3. Inferential Thinking

• Objective: Predict usage patterns.

• Example: Survery data to forecast park engagement.

• Key Question: What usage trends should be anticipated?

4. Integrative Thinking

• Objective: Combine stakeholder perspectives.

• Example: Integrate feedback from various groups into a cohesive design.

• Key Question: How to balance aesthetics and function?

Page 11-13: Activity: Launching a New Mobile App

1. Critical Thinking

• Objective: Assess feasibility of the app.

• Example: Evaluate competitors and unique features.

• Key Question: What unique solutions does the app offer?

2. Creative Thinking

• Objective: Design engaging features.

• Example: Gamify tracking habits or incorporate AI insights.

• Key Question: What creative elements enhance functionality?

3. Inferential Thinking

• Objective: Analyze user preferences.

• Example: Use data to prioritize app features.

• Key Question: Which habits will users most likely track?

4. Integrative Thinking

• Objective: Merge various inputs into the app design.

• Example: Collaborate with team members for a balance in user experience and technical aspects.

• Key Question: How to create a seamless, robust app?

Page 14-15: Problem-Solving Technique

• Overview: The problem-solving process involves questioning, critical reasoning, and building on previous knowledge to generate innovative solutions based on discovered insights.

Page 16: Foundations of Inquiry

• John Dewey: Promoted connected experiences and reflective thinking.

• Lev Vygotsky: Introduced scaffolding for learning.

• Jerome Bruner: Emphasized individual perceptions shaping learning.

Page 17: Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning

• Enhances interpretative skills.

• Increases vocabulary and social awareness.

• Promotes collaborative skills and procedural knowledge.

• Encourages higher-order thinking for a deeper understanding.

Page 18: Nature of Research

• Defined as a systematic investigation aiming to discover facts and support claims.

• Research and inquiry share similarities in their investigative nature through questioning.

Page 19-21: Characteristics of Research

1. Empirical: Based on observation.

2. Systematic: Follows orderly procedures.

3. Controlled: Maintains constant variables.

4. Employs Hypothesis: Tests predictions.

5. Analytical: Engages data analysis.

6. Objective: Unbiased and logical.

7. Original: Produces new findings.

Page 22-23: Research Processes

1. Define Research Problem: Clarify issues at study.

2. Review Literature: Familiarize with existing knowledge.

3. Hypothesis Formulation: Develop testing questions.

4. Research Design: Outline participant scope.

5. Data Collection: Gather necessary information.

6. Data Analysis: Evaluate research questions.

7. Interpret and Report Findings: Determine implications and communicate results.

Page 24-28: Ethics of Research

• Case Study: Pharmaceutical company manipulating clinical results.

1. Fabrication of Data: Cooks patient data to exaggerate effectiveness.

2. Failure to Obtain Informed Consent: Participants unaware of risks.

3. Harm to Participants: Omitted reports of severe side effects.

4. Conflict of Interest: Financial biases of researchers compromise objectivity.

Consequences of Ethical Violations

• Harm to patients leading to potential danger.

• Loss of public trust affecting future research credibility.

• Legal repercussions causing loss of professional credibility.

Page 29-32: Ethical Violations in Research by Students

• Case Study: ABM students plagiarizing literature review.

1. Plagiarism: Copying without credit constitutes ethical breach.

2. Misrepresentation: Creates false impression of original work.

3. Consequences: Academic penalties and loss of integrity affecting future opportunities.

Page 33: Ethical Norms in Research

• Fosters accountability and promotes responsible research practices.

• Builds public awareness about research integrity and ethics.

Page 34-36: Ethical Codes and Policies for Research

• Honesty: Maintain communication and authenticity of data.

• Objectivity: Avoid biases in all stages of research.

• Integrity: Keep commitments and ensure accurate reporting.

• Confidentiality: Safeguard private information.

• Social Responsibility: Strive for societal benefits while avoiding harm.

• Respect for Intellectual Property: Acknowledge contributions accurately.

Page 37-41: Types of Research

• Based on Application: Pure vs. Applied Research.

• Based on Purpose: Descriptive, Correlational, Explanatory, and Action Research.

• Based on Data Types: Qualitative and Quantitative Research.

• Research Approaches: Scientific vs. Naturalistic, and Triangulation.

Page 42-49: Examples of Research Areas

• Arts: Interpretations of abstract art and street art.

• Humanities: Refugees in literature and cultural histories.

• Sports: Athlete experiences and gender roles in sports.

• Science: Public perceptions of genetic engineering and women in STEM.

• Business: Challenges in entrepreneurial ventures and customer insights.

• Agriculture: Climate change perceptions and women's roles in farming.

• ICT: User experiences with e-learning and digital divides.

• Social Inquiry: Youth activism and gentrification impacts.

Page 50: Conclusion

The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of ethico-centric principles, rigorous methodologies, and the vast scope of qualitative research.

Thank You

Thank you for listening.