## HTML HTML is the language in which most websites are written. HTML is used to create pages and make them functional. The code used to make them visually appealing is known as CSS. HTML was first created by Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and others starting in 1989. It stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language. Hypertext means that the document contains links that allow the reader to jump to other places in the document or to another document altogether. The latest version is known as HTML5. HTML is a mark-up language which is comprised of a set of tags that describe the document’s content. HTML files are simple text files that contain plain text and tags and typically have the file extension .html or .htm. They are commonly referred to as web pages. HTML describes what a page should look like when viewed through a web browser such a Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, and Internet Explorer. A Mark-up Language is a way that computers speak to each other to control how text is processed and presented. To do this HTML uses two things: tags and attributes. ## HTML Editors HTML can be created or edited in many different types of editors, many of which are free and work incredibly well. In reality, all you need is a simple text editor, like Microsoft Notepad, or Text Edit on a Mac to get started. An HTML editor makes things much easier by color coding different items making it simple to find specific items or locate errors. Free Editors: * Notepad ++ - [http://notepad-plus-plus.org/](https://www.google.com/url?q=http://notepad-plus-plus.org/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1663418349166963&usg=AOvVaw1DWZcwGKYngluqGaPTkluE) * Visual studio code - [https://code.visualstudio.com/download](https://www.google.com/url?q=https://code.visualstudio.com/download&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1663418349167364&usg=AOvVaw2gT-EQDYSNYJOJBZ2nY3hQ) * Sublime - https://www.sublimetext.com/3 ## HTML Tags HTML Tags are keywords or tag names surrounded by angle brackets or < > and normally come in pairs like this: ** and ** The first tag in a pair is the opening tag and the second tag is the closing tag. The closing tag is written the same way as the opening tag with a forward slash ( / ) to say “stop doing this.” For Example: content Your HTML document should always contain to signify the beginning of the HMTL content and to signify the end. Without this tag, the document is only text. Most tags come in matched "beginning" and "ending" pairs, but this is not an absolute rule. Any Web page you create will contain the following tags at the start of the page: * : tells the Web browser that this is the beginning of an HTML document * : tells that Web browser that this is the header for the page * **  ****  ****   **Hello**  **** **** ## Document Language A web page’s default language is defined by the Lang attribute on the top-level element. The document is in English, use the en country code as the attribute value : **** ### Character Sets A “character set” is kind of like a digital alphabet for your browser. It’s different from the language of your document in that it only affects how the letters themselves are rendered, not the language of the content. ### HTML Elements An HTML Element is everything from the opening tag to the closing tag. The element content is everything between the opening and closing tags. There are also special elements that are closed in the start tag such as a line break. Most HTML elements can have attributes, or special characteristics that describe the element ### Special Elements While there are a number of special HTML elements, such as the **
** tag mentioned above, there are some other special elements you should know. HTML Lines: The HTML horizontal rule can be used to divide content areas and uses the **

** tag. Inserting the **

** tag will draw a horizontal line across your content area. * HTML Comments: Comments can be inserted into HTML code to make it more readable and to explain to the reader of your code what it is you plan to do or what you have changed. It’s always good practice to comment your HTML code. Comment elements are written as follows and do not show on your rendered page. **** The