APUSH Vocab Semester 1

Match up religious leaders with their movement

• John Winthrop- Puritan movement

  First Governor of Massachusetts bay colony

  led puritan expansion

  belief in ‘city upon a hill’ Massachusetts would be an example for people

• George Whitefield- National Movements

  English evangelist, preached about Methodism

  a lot of charisma, great sermons

• Jonathon Edwards- Congressionalism in Massachusetts

  Brilliant with awkwards/tense sermons

  preached to young people against lust

• William Bradford- Puritans in Plymouth

  governor of Plymouth Massachusetts

  wanted to purify the church of England by elimination of Catholics

  Society formed by the Mayflower compact

• John Calvin- Protestant Reformation

  Created Calvinism

  started in Europe, spread to america

  puritans = Calvinists

  belief in predestination, god has a plan for you

• Roger Williams- Puritan Rebellion

  Belief in religious toleration, separate church and government

  creation of providence, Rhode island

  Belief in antinominalism, faith is enough for salvation

  banished from Massachusetts bay colony

Events during Jefferson’s presidency

• First Barbary War

  After independence pirates began looting from u.s. ships

  would impress/kidnap sailors

  jefferson refused to pay ransom for soldiers

  citizens were mad, forced jefferson to go to war

  peace treaty was eventually signed

• Embargo Act of 1807

  British was also taking u.s.s soldiers in the napoleonic war (war between british and french)

  jefferson signed the embargo act of 1807

  stopped u.s. shops from leaving ports

  if britian couldn’t get u.s. goods, their economy would suffer

  hurt u.s. more than britain or france

  led to a lot of smuggling

  Jefferson signed non-intercourse act of 1808 to lift the ban

• Louissiana Purchase

  Spain had it before giving it to france

  monroe sent to negotiate

  jefferson thought buying it would be unconstitutional

  ended up being persuaded to buy it

Transcendentalist who advocated for breaking the law

Henry David Theraoeu

believed in civil disobedience

break the law as a form of protest

Principles of Mercantalism

• There is a finate amount of wealth

• sell more than you buy

• gov should play a large role with protecting trade

• create monopolies

Reasons for Common Sense

• Written by Thomas paine to persuade loyalsits to rebel against great britain

• written in common language so anyone could read it

Purpose of Federalist Papers

• Collection of essays to ratify the u.s. constiution

• wanted a strong central gov.

• Written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton

Hamilton’s ideas of governing/economics

• Economic

  Assumin states’ deabt from the national govern,eny

  payed it off bu rasing taxes for states, raised tariffs, get loans from other countries

  national bank to regulete curency

• Governing

  Strong central government

  infastructure to facilitate commerce

Marburry V.Madison Ruling

• context for the ruling

  Adams had appointed a ton of judges before leaving office

  jefferson told maddison to withhold the commissions

  marbury (one of the judged) sued for his job

• The ruling

  Declared that jefferson blocking his job was illegal

  decision based on judicial act of 1789

  confirms power of supreme court as ultimate power

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri was being added to the union causing fighting over slave vs. free state

  petitioned to be a slave state

  decided that missouri would be a slave state and maine would be a free state

  north of 36’30 would be free

Seneca Falls COnvention

• First women’s rights convention

• organized by…

  Elizabeth Cady stanton, jane hunt, lucretia mott

• also advocated for abolition

  fredrick douglad gave speaches

• reworeded delcreation of in dependence

  all men and women created equal

• main wants

  better education, property rights, voting rights, abolition

Polk’s 1844 Campaign Focus

• Seen as the ‘dark horse of the campaign’

  underdog compared to his runninh mate, henry clay

• ran on an ecpansion platform

  wanted to get texas and orgeon territory

1887 Indian Law

• the dawes act

  used to assimilate natives into the u.s.

  divided native land for families

Biggest fan of ‘nullification’ docterine

• Mainly supported by John C. Calhoun

  secondly by Jefferson and Madison

• A state can invalidate federal laws if they are injust

Jay’s Treaty Consequences

• Political dicisions

  Biggest divided between federalists and democratic republicans

• betterrelations with britain

  british troops left america

• Maritime peace

  Clearer rules for international trade

• encouraged neutrality

  set stage for the farewell adress

Reason for British Impressment

• Most british people didn’t want to be in the navy

Bessemer-Kelly Process purpose

• Also known as the bessemer process

• method of making it

  blew air through a molten pid iron to remouve imputiries

• allowed for mass production of steel

Credit Mobilier Scandal

• Credit Mobilier Contruction COmpany had built the Union Pacific railroad

• Began defrauding their construction company

  pacific untion sent fraufulent contracts to the construction company

  bilked (cheated) the union pacific and federal gov

• Stock given to congress to stop investigation

schylur colfax (grant’s v.p.) accepted the bribes

Jefferson’s Concern over the Louisianan Purchase

• Also called jefferson’s quandrary

  feared buying the purchase was unconstitutional

  The constituition said nothing about buying new territory,

• Advisors told him the constitution permitted it through implied powers

Ostend Manifesto

• for nearly a decade the u.s. gov had tried to get cuba

  Started with Polk in 1848, continued by Franklin pierce

• Had been unsuccessful

  Spain had it and didn’t want to give it up

• Ostend manifesto had pursuaded pierce to use force

  sent from envoys (messengers) from olmsted, belguim

• GOt bad public attention

  When leaked to the publid anti slavery northerners were mad

  thought the u.s.s wanted it to be a slave state

Supporters of the Proclamation of 1763

• Given by the king to stop settleemtn north of the appalaichan mountains

• supported by natives

  would protect their land from white settlemesnt

Wilmot Proviso

• Motivated by the divisio nyhat expansion of slavery created

• David Milmot made it to ward off possible fighting

  apart of the free soil party, just wanted to limit slvery

  manted to presume jobs for white people

  mainly supported by white people in Pennsylvania

• could have prevented the civil war

Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion

• Bacon and his followers opposed laws made against them (farmers)

  Governor Berkley had restrictions so it wouldn’t anger natives

• Started Bacon’s rebelion

  Wanted to take control of virgia

  most violent insurrection until the civil war

• Effects

  Higlishgted struggle to make boundary on indian land

  revealed how rebelios english settlers were

  biterness of east vs. west

  showed hatered of scholar gentry amoung the common people

  revealed how weak the u.s. was

Strengths/weaknesses of articles of confederation

• Streangths

  treasury, ostal servise, and foreign affairs established

  organized territory in west (northwest territory)

  congress was the highest power in the nation

  congress controlled foreign affairs/native affairs

  congress could declare war

  land ordinance of 1785 (could purchase land in the west)

• Weakness

  no form of national currency

  no executive/judicial branch

  no national army/navy

  states had control of trade

  states voted on changes to articles of confederation

  states settled disputes because they were sovergn

  no power to tax

Weaknesses revealed by shay’s rebellion

Adams-Onis Treaty Provision

• Got florida, oregon texas

• boundary line withspaon on the 42N laditude

• paid $5 in damages for seminole war

Erie Canal Connection

• Connects to champlaigne, oswego, cayuga-seneca

• connects ot great lakes via hudson riber

• in upstate new york (east-west, albany buffalo)

Black Suffrage Amendment

• The 15th Amendment

  Confirmed voting rights for black people

• Racist states found ways to go around it through tests

Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Ended the mexican American war

• main consqeuences

  california and new mexico given to the u.s.

  rio granda was a boundary of texas

  assume debt, payin $15 million

Result of Johnson’s Senate Trial

• Why he was being impeached

  violated tenure of office act by removing stanton

• was not impeached

  senate failed by one vote

Jefferson’s 1800 Revolution

• Peaceful tranfeer of power between jefferson and adams

• federalist power shifter to democratic republicans

Homestead Act

• Supported farmers bu giving them free land

  160 acres of land to a u.s. citizen that migrated to the west

Event that starts secession

• election of lincoln

  was against slavery

Part of the Dred Scott Ruling

• Context for the ruling

  A freed slave tried to sure for his freedom

• ruled that he had no right to sure

  african ameriens weren’t citizens, not alowed to sue at all

Senator who outhored the compromise on nullification

• John C. Calhoun

  South Carolina senator

• Beleif in states rights for nullification

  States should be able to control laws that pertain to them like tarrifs

Anti Federalist Portion of the Constitution

• Put more power in the states

  Bicameral legislature (in Article l)

What Makes up a border state

• Slave state bordering with free states in the civil war

  Ex.) deleware, kentucky, maryland, missouri, west virgina

John Brown’s Raid consequences

• Context

  A slave revolt on harper’s ferry

Consequences

Made south beleive that the north wanted an abolition insurrection

Knights of Labor Membership

• Who was included

  all laborers, bost bussiness/proffesional workers

  included women, immigrants, and black people

• Who it discluded

  Excluded lawyers, bankers, liqour dealers, proffessional gamblers

Orchestatro of the ‘March To Sea’

• LEd by william tecumseh sherman

• used to weaken confederate troops

  Unior went through georgia

  weakend the south by attacking exports, weakening economy/trade

When was the ‘Era of Good Feelings’

• From 1815-1825

• caused by the end of the war of 1812

• led mostly by monroe

Jackson’s response to Marchal’s ruling

• context

  The case was (Morcester V. Georgia)

  decided that states were not alloweed onto native land

• Jackson’s Response

  ‘Marshall made his decision… let him enforce it’

• Jackson wasn’t going to enforce it

Define a Holding Company

• A parent company to buy/control ownership of other companies

Name of Congressional Reconstruction Plan

• Radical Reconstruction (Presidental Reconstruction)

• 5 main plans

  1.) Tennesse readmitted

  2.)make south into military districts

  3.) 15th amendment

  4.) tenure of office act/ command of the army act

  5.) 2/3 of judges needed to stop

1830s Transportation Impact

• Main ways of transportation

  Railroads, boats, automobiles

• What this caused

  better trade/ communication

Chesapeake-Leopard Incident

• The incident

  A protish ship (the chesapeake) encountered a u.s. ship (leopard)

  refused to let british search them, u.s. attacked them

  u.s. surrendered, four people taken

• The Aftermath

  Citizens wanted revenge

  monroe sent to denounce it

• british refused to offer compensation

Shay’s Rebellion consequences

• Mobs of farmers rebelled against taxes

• Consequences

  shay’s mob was pardoned, given tax releif

  urgency for new constitution

Groups Promoted by Jackson or not

• supported

  common people and democrats

• not supported

  wealthy, natives

‘Taylorism’ Techniques

• Scientific management to make things efficient

• techniques

  subdivided techniques, management, skilled workers

Haymarket Square Riot Outcome

• Context

  Labor radicals protested for better conditions

  police bombed at (7 police officers dies, 1 citizen died)

Cornwallis Surrender Location

• Context

  End of american revolition, cornwallis led britain

• Surrended at yorktown

Examples of American Revolution Leaders

• Intellectuals

  Hamilton, Jefferson, Franklin

• War Leaders

  Washinton, cornwallis, lafayette

1863 Decisive union win locations

• Gettysburg

  3 day battle, bloodiest battle in the war, turning point

• Vicksburg

  1 month and 2 weeks, missisipi east river, led by Ulyssees S. Grant

• Chattanooga

  Tennesee, sherman led, supply area

Compromise of 1877 Result

• Settled result of 1876 election

  allies of Hayes met with grant’s administration

  union troops would leave the south

• Hayes became president

Citizenship Amendment

• 14th amendment made black people citizens

Term for Buying out competition

• horizontal integration, to by out companies similar to their own

‘New’ Immigrants came from here

• China

John Quincy Adams ‘corrupt bargain’

• Jackson won the popular and electoral vote but didn’t win the election

• John quincy adams named president becaus ehe was supported by Henry Clay

• Clay named secretary of state

Reasons for the Embargo Act

• Reasons for it

  To prevent international war and a depression

• Effects of it

  Prohibited u.s. ships from leaving u.s. ports

Differences between Virginia and new jersey plan

• Virginia Plan

  Made by Madison, presented by randolph

  strong central government of 3 branches

• New Jersey Plan

  To make smaller states have same votes as big states

• Result

  bicameral legislature

Jackson and the Second Bank of U.S.

• Reason for opposition

  Thought it only helped wealthy and corrupt political leaders

• How he got rid of it

  didn’t vote on the recharter, remove federal deposits, new funding

Amendment that Abolished Slavery

• 13th amendment passed on January 31, 1865

Jim Crow Laws

• By the end of reconstruction, laws protecting black people were gone

  troops withdrew, stripped the 14/15 amendments

• Laws Created

  Segregation, ‘seperate but equal’

  limited black votes through literacy tests

  legal punishments like lynching

  banned intermarriage

What was unique about Tennesse Reconstruction

• First state to ratify the 14th amendment

• first southern state allowed back into the union

Compromise of 1850 Provisions

• What was the compromise of 1850

  Enter california into the union as a free state

  define texas border for tax releif

  New mexico and utah names as official territories

  banned the lave trade in D.C.

  Fugitive slave law

1777 Turning Point Location

• Battle of saratoga

  British general Burgyne surrendered

  in New york saratoga upstate

Jefferson/Madison response to alien and sedition act

• alien and sedition acts

  set of laws that restricted immigration in the u.s.

• Jefferson and Madison Response

  Found it unconstituitona

  replaced it with the virginia and kentucky resolution

End of Slavery Amendment

• 13th Amendment

Reason for mutiny act resentment

• Mutiny Act

  Also called the quartering act

  Monarchy had full control over military forces

  held back martial law

• Reason for resentment

  Colonists mad about it, didn’t want to deal with british troops

Land ordinance of ‘85 and ‘87

• Land ordinance of 1785 and northwest ordinance of 1787

  Lands west of appalaichain mountains would be surveyed and sold