Term Definition

Mobility

all types of movement from one location to another, whether temporary or permanent or over short or long distances (page 111)

Circulation

temporary, repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis (page 111)

Human Migration

the permanent movement of people from one place to another (pages 65, 111)

Emigration

. movement away from a location (page 111)

Immigration

. movement to a location (page 111)

Net Migration

the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or a country (page 111)

Gravity Model

a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation (page 111)

Push Factor

a negative cause that compels someone to leave a location (page 112)

Pull Factor

a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location (page 112)

Voluntary Migration

type of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place (page 115)

Forced Migration

type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors (page 115)

Transitional Migration

international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin (page 115)

Internal Migration

movement within a country’s borders (page 115)international division of labor n. a p

Friction of Distance

n. a concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve (pages 10, 115)

Transhumance

the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter (pages 116, 318)

Chain Migration

type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there (page 116)

Step Migration

series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination (page 117)

Intervening Obstacle

an occurrence that holds migrants back (page 117)

Intervening Opportunity

an occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice (page 117)

Guest Workers

a migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor (page 117)

Circular Migration

migration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs (page 118)

Distance Decay

a principle stating that the farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have (pages 10, 118)

Refugees

a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death (page 118)

Asylum

the right to protection in a country (page 118)

Internally Displaced Persons

person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country’s borders (page 118)

Human trafficking

. defined by the United Nations as “the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)” (page 120)

Repatriate

to return to one’s home country (page 122)

Interregional Migration

. movement from one region of the country to another (page 128)

Intraregional Migration

movement within one region of the country (page 128)

Quotas

limit on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year (page 129)

Kinship Links

networks of relatives and friends (page 129)

Skills Gap

a shortage of people trained in a particular industry (page 133)

Remittance

money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country (page 134)

Brain Drain

the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another—often richer—country (page 135)

Relocation Diffusion

the spread of culture traits through the movement of people (page 135)