Topic 3: Interpersonal Communication - Detailed Study Notes 

1. Relational Communication 

Definition: Communication that occurs between two people who have an established relationship, focusing not just on exchanging information but on managing and developing the relationship. 

• Characteristics: 

Includes both verbal and nonverbal messages that express feelings, attitudes, and social roles. 

2. Factors Influencing Relationship Development 

Proximity: Physical closeness that increases chances of interaction. 

• Similarity: Shared interests, values, or backgrounds. 

Complementarity: How well partners' traits and behaviors complement each other. 

Reciprocity: Mutual exchange of self-disclosure and support. 

Physical Attractiveness: Visual appeal that can spark initial interest. 

Rewards: Benefits or positive outcomes gained from the relationship. 

5. How Culture Influences Communication Dimensions 

Individualism vs. Collectivism: Focus on personal goals vs. group goals. 

High-Context vs. Low-Context Communication: Indirect vs. direct communication styles. 

Power Distance: Degree to which unequal power distribution is accepted. 

Uncertainty Avoidance: Comfort level with ambiguity of change. 

Time Orientation: Preference for punctuality or flexible timing. 

Cultural dimensions shape how people express emotions, manage conflicts, and build relationships. 

6. Definition of Conflict 

Conflict is a disagreement between two or more parties due to differences in opinions, values, needs, or goals. 

7. Destructive vs. Constructive Conflict 

Destructive Conflict:Increases tension and hostility 

Constructive conflict

4. Problem-Solving - Collaborating to find mutually acceptable solutions. 

5. Emotional Regulation - Managing your emotions during conflict. 

6. Open-Mindedness - Being willing to consider other perspectives. 

8. Five common sources of conflict

   1. Poor communication-Lack of clarity

   2. Different values-Conflicting priorities

   3. Competing needs/goals-incompatible objectives

   4. Personality clashes-difference is styles

   5. Power struggles-Conflict of control

9. Six Skills in Constructive Conflict Management

1. Active listening

2. Assertiveness

3. Empathy

4. Problem-solving

5. Emotional Regulation

6. Open-Mindedness

10. Denotative vs. Connotative Meanings 

Denotative Meaning: The literal, dictionary definition of a word. 

Connotative Meaning: The emotional or cultural association a word carries beyond its literal meaning.