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Notes on the Cerebrum Anatomy

  • Overview of the Cerebrum

    • The cerebrum is one of the four main divisions of the brain, encompassing the upper brain structures.
    • It can be divided into left and right hemispheres.

  • Anatomy of the Cerebrum

    • Fissures:

    • Longitudinal Fissure:

      • The deep groove that separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum.
      • Contains the falx cerebri, a piece of dura mater.
      • Hosts the superior sagittal sinus in its groove.

    • Transverse Fissure:

      • The fissure that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

    • Sulci and Gyri:

    • Sulci:

      • Shallow grooves on the surface of the cerebrum.
      • Plural form: sulci, singular: sulcus.

    • Gyri:

      • Raised areas found between the sulci.
      • Plural form: gyri, singular: gyrus.

  • Lobes of the Cerebrum

    • The cerebrum is divided into five distinct lobes:
    1. Frontal Lobe:
      • Located at the front, corresponds to the frontal bone of the skull.
    2. Parietal Lobe:
      • Situated at the top, corresponds to the parietal bone.
    3. Temporal Lobe:
      • Located on the side, corresponding to the temporal bone.
    4. Occipital Lobe:
      • Found at the back of the head, corresponding to the occipital bone.
    5. Insula:
      • A hidden lobe deep to the temporal lobe, recently identified in anatomy studies.
      • Named after the Latin word for island; requires pulling back the temporal lobe to see it.

  • Hemisphere Structure

    • Each hemisphere has matched pairs of lobes:
    • Left frontal, right frontal
    • Left parietal, right parietal
    • Left temporal, right temporal
    • Left occipital, right occipital
    • Left insula, right insula

  • Key Sulci and Gyri

    • Key sulci to remember:
    1. Central Sulcus:
      • Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
      • Precentral Gyrus: The gyrus located anterior (in front) to the central sulcus.
      • Postcentral Gyrus: The gyrus located posterior (behind) to the central sulcus.
    2. Lateral Sulcus (Lateral Fissure):
      • Separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.
    3. Parieto-Occipital Sulcus:
      • Divides the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe.

  • Conclusion

    • Understanding these anatomical features is foundational before exploring the functional aspects of the different lobes in the next module.