exam+1

Exam Format

• Multiple Choice Questions: Each question has five options.

Levels of Biological Organization

1. Order of Complexity:Life is organized and studied at various levels. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that order as it increases in complexity?

   • Correct Sequence: D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem

   • Other sequences are incorrect.

Properties of Life

1. Statement Analysis:Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false?

   • False statement: D) All organisms have the ability to create their own energy.

   • Reasons for considering each statement.

Hypotheses and Experiments

1. Definition of a Hypothesis:A hypothesis is

   • Correct Answer: C) a tentative answer to some question, which may be tested and falsified.

2. Role of Control:The role of a control in an experiment is to

   • Correct Answer: C) provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group.

Trace Elements and Atomic Structure

1. Goiter Prevention:Which of the following trace elements is commonly added to table salt to prevent the formation of goiters?

   • Trace element commonly added: D) iodine.

2. Atomic Number:Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom

   • Correct Answer: D) the number of protons in the atom.

Atomic Mass and Isotopes

1. Sodium Atom Characteristics:sodium contains 11 electrons 11 protons and 12 neutrons what is the mass of sodium

   • Mass of sodium: E) 23 (11 protons + 12 neutrons).

2. Boron Electrons:An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

   • Boron with atomic number 5 has: B) 5 electrons.

3. Isotopes of Nitrogen:Typially, nitrogen atoms are composed of eletrons, protons, and neutrons. An tokope of nitrogen

   • Could: B) have more neutrons.

Chemical Bonds

1. Hydrogen Covalent Bonds:In a single water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a(n)

   • Correct Answer: C) polar covalent.

2. Difference Between Bonding Types:What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

   • Correct Answer: C) In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner accepts electrons from the other.

Water Properties

1. Water Molecules Interaction:Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

   • Answer: C) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules.

2. Melting Ice:As ice melts,

   • Answer: A) hydrogen bonds are broken.

pH and Buffers

1. True Statement About pH:Which of the following statements about ph

   • Answer: D) An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units.

2. Function of Buffers:buffer

   • Answer: A) donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic.

Properties of Carbon and Hydrocarbons

1. False Statement About Carbon:of the following statements regarding carbon is false?

   • Answer: B) Carbon has the capacity to form polar bonds with hydrogen.

2. Hydrocarbons Description:Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?

   • False Statement: D) Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.

Macromolecules and Reactions

1. Dehydration Synthesis: which of the statements about dehydration synthesis is false

   • False Statement: B) Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.

2. Hydrolysis Reversal of Dehydration:The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

   • Answer: D) hydrolysis.

3. Polymers Identification:Which list below consists of only polymers?

   • Correct Answer: E) proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides.

Carbohydrates and Lipids

1. Storage Forms of Carbohydrates:the storage form of carbohydrates is____________ in animals and __________ in plants

   • Animals: glycogen; Plants: starch.

2. Chitin Presence:Which of the following organisms contain the polysaccharide chitin?

   • Found in C) fungi and insects.

3. Fatty Acids:Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be

   • Answer: B) unsaturated.

4. Cell Membrane Lipids:A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

   • Major type: E) phospholipids.

Protein Structures

1. Denaturation:Proteins cannot be denatured by

   • Cannot be denatured by: D) freezing.

2. Secondary Structure:Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein?

   • Example: A) an alpha helix.

3. Quaternary Structure Definition:

   • Defined when multiple polypeptide chains are present.

4. Genetic Encoding in Proteins:Genetic information is encoded in the

   • Encoded in C) sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

Microscopy and Cell Theory

1. Electron Microscope Statements:Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?

   • True Statement: E) Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.

2. Best Instrument for Observing Living Cells:A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which of the following instruments would be best, and why?

   • Best Choice: B) a light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells.

3. Cell Theory:idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines

   • Defined by: C) cell theory.

Cellular Structures and Functions

1. Plant vs Animal Cells:

   • Differences include: chloroplasts... cell walls...

2. Central Vacuole Functions:

   • Corrections may include storing waste products, but it does not synthesize proteins.

Organelles Functionality

1. Mitochondrial Function:The function of mitochondria is

   • Responsible for: C) to produce energy (respiration).

2. Cytoskeleton Misconceptions:Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

   • False: E) Once laid down, all elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.

3. Cell Junctions:It is essential for bladder cells to prevent leakage of waste products. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are

   • Best junction for bladder cells: E) tight junctions

Which list below consists of only polymers?

1. proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides.

A disaccharide forms when: A disaccharide forms when: two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is : phospholipids.

Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from: plants.

Peptide bonds: link amino acids.

Proteins can be denatured by: breaking hydrogen bonds.

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the structure : quaternary.

Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer? : DNA, nucleotides.

Genetic information is encoded in the: sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

resolution is the: ability of an optical instrument to maintain clarity.

A scanning electron microscope is used to study_____ microscope is used to study: cell surfaces.

Which of the following cells has the greatest surface area-to-volume ratio? : bacterium.

______lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus: Prokaryotic.

Which of the following structures are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?: pili

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells: plant cells.

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have

_____and______unlike plants animal cells have______: chloroplasts and cell walls.

The nucleus of a cell: contains DNA.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: produces lipids and detoxifies.

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum : is the production of proteins built by ribosomes.

The Golgi apparatus: modifies, and packages proteins.

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?: Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.

Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?: The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.

The function of mitochondria is: to produce energy (respiration).