Ch.15.1  A Clash of Values  

Define

1. Anarchist – people who oppose all forms of government 

2. Eugenics – science that deals with improving hereditary traits 

3. Ku Klux Klan – organization that was originally founded to oppose reconstruction in the South. It also opposed rights for African Americans that eventually expanded to include Catholics, Jews, and immigrants 

4. Emergency Quota Act – act that limited immigration 

5. Flapper – young, dramatic, unconventional woman 

6. Fundamentalism – belief that the Bible was truth and without error; therefore, creationism over evolution as an explanation for the origin of life on Earth. It became popular in rural America in response to the nation’s “loss” in traditional values 

7. Evolution – scientific theory that humans and other lifeforms evolved over time 

8. Creationism – belief that God created the world as well as humans and animals 

9. Police powers – government's power to control people and property in interest of public safety, welfare, morals, and health 

10. Speakeasy – place where alcoholic drinks were sold illegally 

Answer

1. Why did many Americans oppose immigration after World War I? 

   Many Americans opposed immigration after WWI because of nativism and because of the postwar recession. 

2. How did Hispanic immigrants shape the national identity of the United States? 

   Hispanic immigrants shaped the national identity of the United States by making the United States more ethically and linguistically diverse. 

3. What political, social, and economic contributions did women make to American society in the 1920s? 

   Some women entered the workforce and contributed to medicine, literature and science and many others focused on enhancing traditional marital relationships. 

4. What were the major beliefs of Fundamentalists? 

   The major beliefs of Fundamentalists were believing in the authority of the Bible and creationism. 

5. Analyze the reasons for the adoption of the 18^th Amendment. 

   Many people believed that prohibition would help to reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty. 

Ch. 15.2 Cultural  Innovations 

Define

1. Bohemian – artistic and unconventional 

2. Carl Sandburg – Chicago poet that used common speech to glorify the Midwest and expansive life of America 

3. Eugene O’Neill - American playwright; portrayed realistic characters in tragic scenes often 

4. Ernest Hemmingway – American author; reevaluated the myth of American heroes. Wrote “For Whom the Bell Tolls” and “A Farewell to Arms” 

5. F. Scott Fitzgerald – American author that used colorful characters to portray emptiness in modern society; wrote “The Great Gatsby” 

6. Mass media – medium of communication that includes newspaper, magazines, radios, movies, and television intended to reach a wide audience 

Answer

1. Why did many artists, writers, and intellectuals flock to New York City’s Greenwich Village and Chicago’s South Side during the 1920s? 

   Many artists, writers, and intellectuals flocked to New York City’s Greenwich Village and Chicago’s South Side during the 1920s because these areas offered freedom from conformity to old ideas. 

2. How did the American economy of the 1920s affect popular culture? 

   The American economy of the 1920s affected popular culture because Americans had a lot more leisure time and spent more money to pursue new popular culture. 

Ch. 15.3 African American Culture 

Define

1. Great Migration – movement of African Americans from rural South to industrial cities in the North. It was an attempt to escape the segregated society of the South and to find economic opportunities to build better lives. 

2. Harlem Renaissance – African American artistic movement. Centered in New York City’s Harlem neighborhood 

3. Claude McKay – Poet of the Harlem Renaissance whose work expressed defiance and contempt for racism 

4. Langston Hughes – Writer of Harlem Renaissance who described the experience of African Americans in the United States 

5. Jazz – style of music developed from blues and ragtime 

6. Cotton Club – one of the most famous Harlem nightspots where many African American entertainers started 

7. Blues – style of music evolved from African American spirituals 

8. Marcus Garvey – African American political leader who called for Negro Nationalism and the glorification of black culture and traditions of the past 

Answer

1. Analyze how African Americans helped shape the national identity through the use of music and literature. 

   African Americans helped shape the national identity through the use of music and literature by creating jazz and blues music. 

2. How did World War I change attitudes among African Americans toward themselves and their country? 

   WWI made African Americans prideful of their race and wanted power in their country.