Deen - your worldview

Fiqh - linguistically : holistic understanding of islam, technical definition : the study of actions

Greatest accountability a human being has is their accountability to Allah (swt)

Every pillar of this deen is a means of forgiveness to Allah (swt)

Fiqh is islam

Increases our faith through practice

Integral part of Iman is practice and the word if knowledge that deals with practice is Fiqh

Analogy : Fiqh is to the practices of Islam what Tajwid is to the art of reciting the Quran

What is the difference between Fiqh and Shariah

Fiqh refers to when scholars differ on an issue regarding what the shariah is saying

Ex - an issue in fiqh would be the placement of your hands during prayer

Not Ex - what month do we fast

Shariah is everything that was revealed to our prophet

Ex - we say according to shariah, the 5 daily prayers are fard

Where do the 4 mathahib

Shafii, maliki, hanafi, hanbali

Madhhab linguistically means ‘the place he went’

Fiqh is ultimately a process that leads a scholar to a certain destination or to a conclusion

Technical definition : A school of thought within Fiqh

Madhabs happen when :

Scholars differ over the meaning, context, authenticity of a text

Scholars differ when there is no text but a ruling has to be made

Haram - harmful (prohibited) one is sinful if they commit these acts (eat pork)

Makruh - (discouraged / disliked) one is not sinful if they commit a makruh act but you are encouraged not to do it ( over eat)

Mubah - (allowed) all acts fall under this category unless categorized otherwise (wearing clothes)

Mustahab - (encouraged) any act done will be rewarded, if one leaves a mustahab act, he will not be punished ( to pray taraweeh)

Wajib / Fard - (obligatory) - you are obliged to do this act, it is mandator (if you do it, you are rewarded, if you leave it, you are sinful) - (pray salah)

4 Imams Notes

Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal

Was born in Baghdad, Iraq

He was a Muslim theoligist and jurist

Taught by imam Al shafi'i and Imam Al Shaybani

Studied Hadith (one of the biggest)

Went to prison b/c people thought that the Quran was a creation while he thought it was a word of Allah

Performed hajj 5 times

Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major sunni schools

Imam Shafii

Born in Gaza, Palestine

Died at 53

Studied under ibn Khalid al Xanji

By age of 7 he memorized the quran

Founder of the science of fiqh principles

15 % muslims follow the shafi madhab

Imam Malik

Was a student to Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar

Along with Abu Hanifah

Founder of Maliki School : established one of the 4 majors sunni schools of fiqh

The Madhab today is practiced in North Africa, West Africa, Chad, Sudan

Wrote over 100,000 hadiths

It took 40 years to write his most famous book al-Mutqatta

Known as Aura man

quiz aug/21 fiqh

Tahara (purification) - to purify and to clean

Linguistically - cleanliness of mind, body, soul, heart

Types of purification

: Inner purification - cleanliness of the the heart from sin, diseases of the heart, etc

: Physical purification - purification from hadath (spiritually impurity)

Statement on water : water was created pure and purifying, it purifies from ritual impurities (al-hadath) and physical impurities (najasa)

Purity cannot be attained using a different liquid

What is Hadath - The state of ‘hadath’ prevents a person from praying, making tawaf, holding a mushaf, until it is removed

Hadath requires wudu and/ or ghusl

There are 2 types of hadath :

Hadath al-Asghar (state of minor impurity) - requires wudu

Hadath al-akbar (states of major impurity) - requires ghusl

Everything which requires ghusl, also requires wudu, except death (which only requires ghusl)

Purification from physical impurities entails :

Purification of the place of prayer

Purification of clothing

Purification of the body

Water has 3 main types :

Tahoor - purifier, this is pure in itself and purifying other objects ex : rain water, tap water, water of seas, lakes, wells and springs

Tahir - pure but not purifying ex - soda, tea

What has been changed greatly in color, taste, or smell due to a tahir object

Can be used/drank, just not for purification

When is water not pure anymore?

When a substance is cooked in the water

If it is mixed with something pure and then prevails upon its name (it’s not called water anymore)

It is used for ritual purification (what remains)

Najis - impure, dirty (does not purify)

When water is mixed with an impure substance

Ex : human urine stool

Najasa - means ritually unclean

Contact with najis things brings a Muslim into state of ritual impurity

Some examples :

Human urine and stool

Excretions of animals that we are not permitted to eat

Dog saliva

Pigs

Earth - the najis elements are

removed from the soles of

shoes by walking on the earth

the earth is dry and tahir

“The entire earth has been

made a masjid, except for the

graveyard and the bathroom”

:Tirmidhi

Sun - Purifies things in nature that

have become najis (ground,

trees, etc)

How to clean impurities :

1. A piece of cloth that has become najis

by urine must be washed in running

water with soap. OR put it in the

washing machine

2. A piece of cloth licked by a dog should

be cleaned in the same manner as #1.

If cleaning/changing is no option

and prayer time will be up, pray

as you are.

3. As for the liquid things that may

become najis (ex: water), they cannot be

purified with water; and cannot be used

for purification

4. If you have a bucket of water you

intend to use for purification but a dog

drinks from it, the water is now najis and

cannot be used for purification

It can be used for something

else; watering plants, etc

Tahara Scenarios

If a liquid falls on a person and he does not know if it was water or

urine, he does not need to ask about it unless he smells a bad

smell. In that case, the person should wash his clothes.

It is related that 'Umar passed by a gutter (and got wet). 'Umar's

companion asked the owner of the gutter if the water was pure or

impure. 'Umar told the owner not to answer the question, and

went on his way.

CONTINUED...

Clothes that have street mud on them don’t need to

be washed. Reported by Kamyal ibn Ziyad, "I saw

'Ali wading through the mud, after which he entered

the mosque and prayed without washing his legs."

Water that is: “foul-smelling, discolored, and

off-tasting water piped into homes”

Cannot be used for wudu because of the impurities

present

If one can afford clean water, bottled water, etc then

do that if not, tayammum is the alternate

Mistakes and Forgetfulness

If a person finishes his prayer and

sees some impurities on his clothes or

body of which he was not previously

aware, or he was aware of them but

forgot about them, then his prayer is

still valid and he need not repeat it.

This opinion is supported by Allah's

statement, "And there is no sin for

you in the mistakes you make unintentionally." (al-Ahzab 5)

If a person can not determine what part of his clothes contain the impurity, he should wash the whole garment.

This is based on the axiom, "If an obligation cannot be fulfilled except by performing another related act, then that act also becomes obligatory."

FIQH RULE:

We have the assumption that everything is tahir and halal unless we come

to know otherwise.

Importance of The day of Ashura

The Prophet (saw) taught us in an

authentic narration found in Sahih

Muslim, that the Day of Ashura is from

among the days that are dedicated to

Allah (swt)

He told us that this was the day on which

Allah swt displayed his power and

protected and rescued Musa A and his

followers from the tyrant Firawn (Sahih

Bukhari)

The Prophet (saw) said that as Muslims,

we have a very strong and close

relationship with Prophet Musa (a) and he

encouraged us to fast on this day

All sins are erased from the previous year

are erased from the person who fasts on

this special day (Sahih Muslim).

Thursday, August 19 is the 10th of

Muharrum!