Biology Mid Term- 3

28. List the atoms present in each of the following macromolecules:

29. Carbohydrates: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

30. Lipids: carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen

31. Protein: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

32. Nucleic Acids: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

33. Classify each of the following as C (Carbohydrate), L (Lipid), P (Protein), or N (Nucleic Acid):

Butter: lipid

Antibodies: protein

DNA: nucleic acids

Glucose: carbohydrates

Cholesterol: lipids

Rice: carbohydrates

Enzymes: proteins

Oil: lipids

Amino Acids: proteins

Nucleotides: nucleic acids

Monosacharrides: carbohydrates

Glycerol & Fatty Acids: lipids

30. Cut & Paste a picture of hydrogen bonds between water molecules (know how to draw):

31. Explain the difference between periods and groups on the periodic table.

Columns are called groups and rows are periods

32. Cut & paste the structures of the monomers of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. (like the ones you drew in the Biomolecules foldable)

33. Explain the main difference between prokaryotes & eukaryotes.

a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are only present in eukaryotic cells.

34. “Little organs” in the cell are known as organelles.

35. The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance found throughout the cell outside the nucleus.

36. What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Control center of the cell

37. How are materials able to enter and exit the cell?

Through the cell membrane

38. proteins are assembled by ribosomes.

39. What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

1- rough endoplasmic reticulum

2- smooth endoplasmic reticulum

40. What makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum “rough?”

ribosomes

41. The golgi apperatus___________ modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

42. What is the cleanup crew of the cell?

lysosomes

42. True/False: The lysosomes digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.

False

44. True/False: Mitochondria are organelles with their own membrane.

True

45. What is the site of cellular respiration in an animal cell?

Mitochondria

46. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

To break down sugar when oxygen is present

47. What is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell?

chromoplast

48. List three major differences between plant and animal cells.

Plant cells have a cell wall large central vacuole and have chloroplast while animal cells do not

49. Vacuoles store materials such as __fluid__________, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

50. Which two kingdoms include organisms that are classified as prokaryotes?

Bacteria and Protista

51. Which four kingdoms include organisms that are classified as eukaryotes?

Animal, Plant, Fungi, and Protista

52. Prokaryotes are always unicellular___, while eukaryotes can be multicellular__ or unicellular.

53. Where is the DNA found in a prokaryote?

Free-floating around in the cytoplasm

54. Explain the term “bilayer of phospholipids.”

consists of two layers of phospholipids, with a hydrophobic, or water-hating, interior and a hydrophilic, or water-loving, exterior

55. What would happen to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

Solute would leave the cell and go into the solution

56. Explain what happens when a cell reaches a dynamic equilibrium with its surroundings.

Water and solute levels will remain equal inside and outside the cell

57. True or False: Prokaryotes are always unicellular.

True

58. True or False: Eukaryotes are always multicellular.

False

59. True or False: Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles.

True

60. What is the purpose of mitosis?

To produce two daughter cells from one cell

61. List and describe the 3 stages of Interphase.

G1-Cell growth, S-DNA Sythnsis, G2-Cell Growth

62. The cell cycle_____ is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.

63. True or False: Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis.

True

64. True or False: Sister chromatids are pulled apart during metaphase.

False