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• Title: Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission

• Subject: Leaving Certificate 2022 Deferred Examinations Marking Scheme

• Area of Study: Construction Studies Higher Level

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• Purpose of Marking Schemes

  • Not standalone documents; essential for examiners' training.

  • Marking schemes for deferred examinations are less detailed than main examination schemes.

• Document Nature

  • Working documents, finalized after application to candidates’ exams.

  • Feedback from examiners is crucial for adjustments post-evaluation.

• Variability

  • Detail may vary by question in deferred exams due to a smaller response set.

  • Model solutions are not exhaustive; variations are recognized.

• Future Marking Schemes

  • Avoid making assumptions based on past schemes; details may evolve.

  • Elements of marking structure can change annually.

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• Leaving Certificate Examination

  • Subject: Construction Studies, Higher Level

  • Note: Graphics are illustrative and not exhaustive; relevant responses will be credited.

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• Question 1

  • (a) Vertical section through:

    • Strip foundation

    • Suspended timber ground floor

    • External wall and window

  • Key focus on detailing best practices for construction elements.

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• Foundation and External Wall Detailing

  • R.C. Strip foundation: 1350 mm x 450 mm

  • Blockwork and render specifications (19 mm external render, etc.)

  • Full-fill cavity & insulation properties detailed (Basalt coated low conductivity wall ties, etc.)

• Floor Structure

  • Compacted hardcore and various layers, emphasizing airtightness and insulation.

• Window Detail

  • Specifics regarding window cill, framing, Glazing options (Triple).

• (b) Ventilation detail for suspended floor identified.

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• Question 2 (a)

  • Discuss the importance of:

    • Safety Signage

      • Must be prominent and easily understood.

      • Multilingual signage is advised.

      • Color-coded categories explained (Green for safe, Red for prohibited, etc.)

    • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

      • Mandatory for all construction workers, law enforced.

      • Itemized PPE requirements included.

    • Awareness

      • Mandatory completion of safety training before work starts.

      • Importance of worker knowledge in hazard prevention is emphasized.

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• (b) Risks associated with:

  • Use of Vehicles

    • Multiple risks involve worker safety, vehicle operation hazards.

  • Use of Ladders

    • Risks of falls, improper ladder use, and injury potential.

  • Demolition Work

    • Risks include falling objects, collapse possibilities, inhalation hazards.

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• (c) Safety procedures to mitigate risks identified:

  • Use of Vehicles

    • Training and signage protocols for safety.

  • Ladders

    • Structural integrity and proper securing of ladders.

  • Demolition Work

    • Warning signage and isolation of necessary services before demolition.

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• Question 3 (a)

  • Design for maximum daylighting and effective layout for occupants.

  • Daylight Maximization

    • Utilization of high-performance glazing

  • Structural Connection

    • Recommended materials and design considerations detailed.

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• Link with Surrounding Garden

  • Glazing designs to connect visually and physically with nature indicated.

  • Strategies to preserve occupant space and movement highlighted.

• (b) Reasons for design choices listed while highlighting benefits.

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• Question 4

  • (a) Typical pipework layout for space heating and hot water in a house is required.

  • (b) Advantages of stoves over open fires discussed in detail.

  • (c) Key considerations for stove selection are emphasized.

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• Question 5

  • (a) Calculation of U-value for specific structures detailed.

  • (b) Required thickness for insulation outlined with methodology.

  • (c) Annual heat loss calculations with numerical examples provided.

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• Cost analysis for heat loss through upgraded flooring is included, demonstrating financial implications.

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• Question 6

  • (a) Environmental impact features explored.

  • (b) Significance of design flexibility, recycled materials, and thermal efficiency discussed.

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• Importance of local materials highlighted for sustainability.

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• Question 7

  • Specific detailing for external wall elements and energy-efficient connections outlined.

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• Additional emphasis on thermal bridging prevention mechanisms at specific design points.

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• Question 8

  • Functional requirements for the external wall along with functional detailing requirements.

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• Differentiation of three wall construction designs aligning with nZEB standards.

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• ICF Detailing

  • Features and advantages of ICF in wall constructions compared.

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• Question 9

  • Discussing moisture prevention and function requirements mentioned.

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• Materials specified for moisture barrier effectiveness outlined.

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• Question 10

  • Importance of various design elements in passive house concepts detailed.

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• Orientation considerations detailed for maximizing thermal performance.

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• Strategies for preventing overheating explained comprehensively.

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• Recommendations for modifications to counteract overheating issues are included.

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• Discussion of embodied energy in building materials covered in detail with relevant examples.

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• Summary of Construction Studies marking scheme provided.

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• Perfomance criteria for various questions and assessment rubrics are specified.