AQA A Level Biology Carbohydrates

\ Monosaccharides - The monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made.

Disaccharides - Formed by the condensation of 2 monosaccharides.

Polysaccharides - Formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.

\ Glucose - C6H12O6

Structure of glucose

• Soluble (OH groups form H bonds with water).
• Easily transported. The bonds contain a lot of energy; used in respiration to make ATP.

\ What is an isomer?

Same molecular formula but differently arranged atoms.

\ Disaccharides and how they are formed

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose

\ How are glycosidic bonds formed?

• A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides forms a glycosidic bond.
• The removal of a water molecule.

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